Abstract: An apparatus for producing trichlorosilane from raw gas containing silicon tetrachloride and hydrogen, having: a reaction chamber being supplied with the raw gas for generating reacted gas containing trichlorosilane and hydrogen; a plurality of heaters heating the raw gas and having exothermic portions being disposed along a vertical direction in the reaction chamber; a plurality of electrodes being connected to basal portions of the heaters; and a radiation plate being disposed between the exothermic portions of the heaters.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing trichlorosilane in which reacted gas including trichlorosilane and hydrogen chloride is produced by heating raw gas including silicon tetrachloride and hydrogen, the apparatus having: a reaction vessel having a substantially cylindrical shape and being provided with a heated wall forming a gas flow-passage along an axis direction; and a heater heating the heated wall, wherein a folding flow-passage is provided at an uppermost stream of the gas flow-passage and has: an inlet flow-passage in which raw gas is introduced; and a turning part connected to a downstream of the inlet flow-passage in which a flow direction of the raw gas is turned at least once in an opposite direction, the turning part is formed between the inlet flow-passage and the heated wall in the folding flow-passage, and a turning length of the folding flow-passage along the axis direction is smaller than a maximum length of the gas flow-passage along the axis direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing trichlorosilane, comprising: a reaction chamber into which the raw gas is introduced to produce a reaction gas; a plurality of heaters disposed inside the reaction chamber to heat the raw gas; and a plurality of electrodes connected to basal portions of the heaters, wherein the heaters include first heaters each having an exothermic portion and second heaters each having an exothermic portion shorter than that of the first heater and a radiation plate connected to the exothermic portion, wherein a partial portion of the exothermic portion of the first heater faces the radiation plate of the second heaters; the reaction chamber has an introducing port of the raw gas on a side of the exothermic portion of the second heater; and the reaction chamber has discharge port of the reaction product gas on a side of the radiation plate of the second heater is arranged.

Abstract: In an apparatus for producing trichlorosilane, an internal space of a reaction chamber is partitioned in a radial direction by first walls running along a circumferential direction, and is partitioned into multiple spaces by second walls which extend in a direction crossing the circumferential direction. Upper portions or lower portions of the first walls and the second walls are formed with a communicating portion which circulates a raw material gas to be introduced, toward a central portion of a reaction chamber while the raw material gas goes through the small spaces sequentially and is turned up and down, heaters are installed in the small spaces, one of small spaces on both sides of the second walls is used as a small space for a upward flow passage, and the other is used as a small space for a downward flow passage, and the small spaces communicate with each other via the communication portion of the second walls.

Abstract: In an apparatus for producing trichlorosilane, an internal space of a reaction chamber is partitioned in a radial direction by first walls running along a circumferential direction, and is partitioned into multiple spaces by second walls which extend in a direction crossing the circumferential direction. Upper portions or lower portions of the first walls and the second walls are formed with a communicating portion which circulates a raw material gas to be introduced, toward a central portion of a reaction chamber while the raw material gas goes through the small spaces sequentially and is turned up and down, heaters are installed in the small spaces, one of small spaces on both sides of the second walls is used as a small space for a upward flow passage, and the other is used as a small space for a downward flow passage, and the small spaces communicate with each other via the communication portion of the second walls.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing trichlorosilane, comprising: a reaction chamber into which the raw gas is introduced to produce a reaction gas; a plurality of heaters disposed inside the reaction chamber to heat the raw gas; and a plurality of electrodes connected to basal portions of the heaters, wherein the heaters include first heaters each having an exothermic portion and second heaters each having an exothermic portion shorter than that of the first heater and a radiation plate connected to the exothermic portion, wherein a partial portion of the exothermic portion of the first heater faces the radiation plate of the second heaters; the reaction chamber has an introducing port of the raw gas on a side of the exothermic portion of the second heater; and the reaction chamber has discharge port of the reaction product gas on a side of the radiation plate of the second heater is arranged.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing trichlorosilane from raw gas containing silicon tetrachloride and hydrogen, having: a reaction chamber being supplied with the raw gas for generating reacted gas containing trichlorosilane and hydrogen; a plurality of heaters heating the raw gas and having exothermic portions being disposed along a vertical direction in the reaction chamber; a plurality of electrodes being connected to basal portions of the heaters; and a radiation plate being disposed between the exothermic portions of the heaters.

Abstract: An optical element laminate is provided which, while an increase in thickness of a liquid crystal display device is suppressed, improves insufficient rigidity of an optical element and, in addition, which does not degrade display characteristics of the liquid crystal display device. The optical element laminate includes a plate-shaped support member having a first primary surface and a second primary surface and an optical element which is laminated on at least one of the first primary surface and the second primary surface of the support member and, in addition, which has a film shape or a sheet shape. The periphery of the laminated optical element is at least bonded to facing two sides of the support member, the optical element and the support member are placed in close contact with each other, and a thickness t of the support member, a length L of the support member, and a tensile force F of the optical element satisfy the relational expression of 0?F?1.

Abstract: An optical element covering member, and a backlight and a liquid crystal display device which use the optical element covering member are disclosed. The optical element covering member includes an optical element stacked member including one or more optical elements and a support medium for supporting the one or more optical elements, and a covering member for covering the optical element stacked member. The optical element stacked member covered with the covering member has at least one hole portion formed in an outer edge portion thereof.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte cell is provided having improved cell characteristics and which maintains a cell shape encapsulated in a laminate film even when overdischarged to a cell voltage of 0 V. The cell includes an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode containing a compound having the formula LixFe1-yMyPO4, wherein 0.05?x?1.2 and 0?y?0.8, and wherein M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, V, Mo, Ti, Zn, Al, Ga, Mg, B and Nb. Exposed portions of an anode current collector and a cathode current collector prevent internal shorting of the cell.

Abstract: Proteotoxin neutralizers containing as the active ingredient proanthocyanidins obtained from hop.

Abstract: A cell which is not deteriorated in cell characteristics and which maintains a cell shape encapsulated in a laminate film even when overdischarged to a cell voltage of 0V. The cell includes a cathode containing a compound having the formula LixFe1-yMyPO4, where M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mn, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, V, Mo, Ti, Zn, Al, Ga, Mg, B and Nb, with 0.05≦x≦1.2 and 0≦y≦0.8, an anode and a solid electrolyte. An electrode member 1 comprised of the cathode and the anode, layered together with the interposition of a solid electrolyte, is encapsulated in a laminate film 2.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining the amount of ink or similar liquid existing in a container are disclosed. A resonance circuit is arranged on the container storing the liquid. A voltage having a preselected frequency is applied to a drive coil located outside of the container to thereby induce a voltage having a preselected frequency in the resonance circuit. The voltage induced in the resonance circuit, in turn, induces a voltage having a preselected frequency in a sense coil also located outside of the container. The amount of liquid in the container is determined in terms of the voltage induced in the sense coil.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte battery is disclosed which is capable of improving impact resistance while airtightness of a laminate film is being maintained. When a battery element is accommodated in a casing constituted by a laminate film and the case is welded to enclose the battery element, a resin layer is provided for at least one surface of a battery element. The resin layer may be a resin plate which has previously been molded or the resin layer may be formed by enclosing resin. The resin layer is provided for two sides of all of the sides of the battery element which have smallest areas. In a case of a wound-type battery element, the resin layer is provided for the two end surfaces of the wound battery element. The resin layer has a shock buffering function to protect the battery element from impact.

Abstract: A burglar detection apparatus has a tag 11 that includes a resonance circuit. The tag is preferably contained with an object 15 whose theft is desired to be detected. The tagged object may be placed in a drawer 14 which is contained in a box 13. A tag detection sensor 16 is installed in the box and detects whether the tag 11 is present in the drawer 14. Also, a drawer sensor 17 detects whether the drawer is opened. Based on respective detection outputs of the tag detection sensor 16 and the drawer sensor 17, a control circuit 19 controls an alarm 18. Advantageously, the apparatus can be installed in a comparatively small space, does not malfunction even if subjected to large amounts of electrical noise, and reliably detects the presence or absence of a tag even if the tag is located near a metal object.

Abstract: The resonance frequency of a resonant circuit section does not change even if the surface of an article whose theft is monitored is formed of any material. An antitheft tag mounted on the article (11) whose theft is monitored includes a resonant circuit section resonating with the radio wave having a particular frequency and transmitted from a transmitting antenna. An electromagnetic shield layer formed of an insulating material is interposed between the mounting surface of the article and the resonant circuit section. The electromagnetic shield layer may be formed of ferrite powder or soft magnetic powder which has a particle size of 10 &mgr;m or less and plastic or rubber or may be formed by laminating a first layer composed of a composite material and a second layer composed of plastic or rubber. Preferably, the soft magnetic powder is any of amorphous alloy, Permalloy, soft magnetic iron, silicon steel, Sendust alloy and Fe—Al alloy.

Abstract: A tag disclosed in this invention detects theft of bills, notes, or securities positioned therewith in a cash register, a safe, or the like. The capability of a tag-detecting sensor is not affected by a conductive or magnetic auxiliary member disposed between the sensor and the tag. The tag for detecting theft, which has one or more resonant circuit sections on an insulating base sheet, is positioned with an article in a specified place. An alarm is not activated when the tag is detected by the sensor, while it is activated when the tag is not detected by the sensor. At least one of the resonant circuit sections is disposed apart from the conductive or magnetic auxiliary member, with respect to the auxiliary member to be disposed between the sensor and the tag. The specified place refers to a case positioned in a cash register or a safe; the article includes bills, notes, or securities; and the auxiliary member is a metal retainer.

Abstract: A theftproof tag which is effective regardless of the material of the article to which it is attached. There is neither a change in resonance of a resonance circuit nor a decrease in the Q value due to the material of the surface of a theft monitored article, thereby decreasing errors in the operation of a theft monitor. The theftproof tag has a resonance circuit resonating to an electric wave at a specified frequency transmitted from a transmitting antenna, and having a coil unit and a capacitor electrically connected to both ends of the coil unit. The coil unit has a magnetic core member made of a composite material composed of a powder or flakes of a soft magnetic metal, and a plastic, and a winding wound around the periphery of the magnetic core member and connected to the capacitor, a portion of the magnetic core member facing the attaching surface of the article.

Abstract: An anti-theft tag for attachment to a theft-monitored article including a resonance circuit which resonates radio waves of a predetermined frequency transmitted from an antenna, and a shielding coil having at least two terminals. The shielding coil is disposed between the resonance circuit and the article when the anti-theft tag is attached to the article, and the at least two terminals are short-circuited.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte cell is provided having improved cell characteristics and which maintains a cell shape encapsulated in a laminate film even when overdischarged to a cell voltage of 0 V. The cell includes an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode containing a compound having the formula LixFe1-yMyPO4, wherein 0.05?x?1.2 and 0?y?0.8, and wherein M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, V, Mo, Ti, Zn, Al, Ga, Mg, B and Nb. Exposed portions of an anode current collector and a cathode current collector prevent internal shorting of the cell.