Abstract: A toner having a toner particle including a binder resin and a wax, wherein the wax includes a specific diester compound; a proportion As of an area occupied by the wax in a region from a surface of the toner particle to 0.5 ?m is 15.0% or less; wax domains are observed in the cross section of the toner particle, and an average number of the domains per cross section of one toner particle is from 10 to 2000; when a mass concentration of a polyvalent metal element in the toner particle determined by fluorescent X-ray analysis is denoted by Mi (ppm), Mi is from 3.5 ppm to 1100 ppm; and when a mass concentration of a polyvalent metal element in the toner particle determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is denoted by Ms (ppm), Mi>Ms.

Abstract: A image-forming apparatus includes a plurality of process cartridges each having a toner and an image bearing member, and has an intermediate transfer member, wherein the toner comprises a toner particle that contains a toner base particle and a prescribed organosilicon polymer on the surface of the toner base particle, and the organosilicon polymer forms protruded portions on the surface of the toner base particle, for the protrusions having a protrusion height H from 40 nm to 300 nm, the numerical proportion P(D/w) of protruded portions having a ratio of the protrusion diameter D to the protrusion width w in a prescribed range is at least 70 number %, and one of the plurality of process cartridges has a carbon black-containing black toner, and the weight-average particle diameter of this black toner is smaller than that of the toner present in the other process cartridges.

Abstract: A toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin and an external additive, wherein the toner particle contains a polyvalent metal compound, the polyvalent metal compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of aluminum compounds, iron compounds and magnesium compounds, a content of a metal element derived from the polyvalent metal compound in the toner particle is from 0.080 to 20.000 ?mol/g, the external additive contains an organosilicon polymer particle having a hydroxyl group, a ratio of a number-average particle diameter of the organosilicon polymer particle to a number-average particle diameter of the toner particle is from 0.0160 to 0.0650, and a content of the organosilicon polymer particle is at least 0.10 mass parts per 100.00 mass parts of the toner particle.

Abstract: A toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin and an external additive, wherein the external additive contains composite particles of an organosilicon polymer fine particle and a fatty acid metal salt.

Abstract: A toner including a toner particle containing a binder resin, and an external additive, wherein the external additive contains an organosilicon polymer fine particle, the organosilicon polymer has a structure represented by at least one selected from the group consisting of RaSiO3/2 and Rb2SiO2/2 (wherein Ra and Rb represent organic groups), and in the number particle size distribution of the toner as measured within a particle size range of from 2 to 60 ?m, the number-average particle diameter T-D50n at which the accumulation from the smallest diameter is 50% is from 6 to 12 ?m, the number ratio of toner 4 ?m or less in size is from 2% to 5% of the total toner, and the number ratio of toner 3 ?m or less in size as a percentage of the total toner 4 ?m or less in size is from 25% to 50%.

Abstract: A toner containing: a toner particle that contains a binder resin and an external additive, wherein the external additive contains an organosilicon polymer fine particle, the binder resin contains an amorphous resin and a crystalline polyester resin, a content of the crystalline polyester resin in the binder resin is from 5 to 30 mass %, and the crystalline polyester resin contains from 5 to 25 mass % of a component having a molecular weight of not more than 2,500.

Abstract: Provided is a toner including a toner particle and an external additive, wherein the external additive includes a composite particle including a hydrotalcite particle covered on the surface with an organosilicon polymer fine particle, a coverage ratio of the hydrotalcite particle surface by the organosilicon polymer fine particle is from 1% to 50%, and given A (nm) as the number-average particle diameter of the primary particles of the organosilicon polymer fine particle and B (nm) as the number-average particle diameter of the primary particles of the hydrotalcite particle, the toner satisfies the following formula (I) and formula (II): A<B??(I) 20?A?350??(II).

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle that contains a toner base particle and an organosilicon polymer on a surface of the toner base particle, wherein the organosilicon polymer forms protruded portions with a prescribed structure on the surface of the toner base particle, and in the toner cross section, when the protrusion width w is the length of the segment where a protruded portion and the toner base particle form a continuous interface, the protrusion diameter D is the maximum length of a protruded portion, and the protrusion height H is the length from the peak of the protruded portion to the line along the circumference of the toner base particle surface, the numerical proportion of these protruded portions having a ratio D/w of the protrusion diameter D to the protrusion width w from 0.33 to 0.80, is a least 70 number %.

Abstract: A toner having a toner particle including a binder resin and a wax, wherein the wax includes a specific diester compound; a proportion As of an area occupied by the wax in a region from a surface of the toner particle to 0.5 ?m is 15.0% or less; wax domains are observed in the cross section of the toner particle, and an average number of the domains per cross section of one toner particle is from 10 to 2000; when a mass concentration of a polyvalent metal element in the toner particle determined by fluorescent X-ray analysis is denoted by Mi (ppm), Mi is from 3.5 ppm to 1100 ppm; and when a mass concentration of a polyvalent metal element in the toner particle determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is denoted by Ms (ppm), Mi>Ms.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle that contains a binder resin and a wax; in a microcompression test under a maximum load condition of 1.1×10?3 N, a force applied to the toner particle when a percentage deformation of the toner particle with reference to a number-average particle diameter of the toner particle at 25° C. reaches 15% is 0.10 to 1.00 mN and the force applied to the toner particle when the percentage deformation at 45° C. reaches 15% is 0.10 to 0.40 mN; and when the force applied to the toner particle is a variable and the percentage deformation of the toner particle is from 15 to 30%, the rate of increase in the percentage deformation of the toner particle at 25° C. and the rate of increase in the percentage deformation of the toner particle at 45° C. satisfy specific formula.

Abstract: A toner comprising a toner particle that contains a toner base particle and an organosilicon polymer on a surface of the toner base particle, wherein the organosilicon polymer forms protruded portions with a prescribed structure on the surface of the toner base particle, and in the toner cross section, when the protrusion width w is the length of the segment where a protruded portion and the toner base particle form a continuous interface, the protrusion diameter D is the maximum length of a protruded portion, and the protrusion height H is the length from the peak of the protruded portion to the line along the circumference of the toner base particle surface, the numerical proportion of these protruded portions having a ratio D/w of the protrusion diameter D to the protrusion width w from 0.33 to 0.80, is a least 70 number %.

Abstract: A image-forming apparatus includes a plurality of process cartridges each having a toner and an image bearing member, and has an intermediate transfer member, wherein the toner comprises a toner particle that contains a toner base particle and a prescribed organosilicon polymer on the surface of the toner base particle, and the organosilicon polymer forms protruded portions on the surface of the toner base particle, for the protrusions having a protrusion height H from 40 nm to 300 nm, the numerical proportion P(D/w) of protruded portions having a ratio of the protrusion diameter D to the protrusion width w in a prescribed range is at least 70 number %, and one of the plurality of process cartridges has a carbon black-containing black toner, and the weight-average particle diameter of this black toner is smaller than that of the toner present in the other process cartridges.

Abstract: A semiconductor device uses a package substrate on which bonding leads are formed respectively corresponding to bonding pads for address and data which are distributed to opposing first and second sides of a memory chip and address terminals and data terminals which are connected to the bonding leads. The semiconductor device further includes an address output circuit and a data input/output circuit which also serves for memory access and a signal processing circuit having a data processing function. A semiconductor chip having bonding pads connected to the bonding leads corresponding to the address terminals of the package substrate and bonding pads connected to the bonding leads corresponding to the data terminals of the package substrate and distributed to two sides out of four sides and the above-mentioned memory chip are mounted on the package substrate in a stacked structure.

Abstract: A paper sheet processing apparatus has an inspection unit which optically detects paper sheets. The inspection unit has a plurality of image sensing units and a signal processing unit. A sensing CPU of the signal processing unit detects image data of paper sheets via the image sensing units, reads a correction coefficient stored in advance for each type of paper sheets in a memory, and discriminates the paper sheets on the basis of the image data detected by using the correction coefficient.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor device having a stacked structure which realizes the miniaturization of a contour size and the reduction of thickness. The present invention also provides a semiconductor device which realizes high performance and high reliability in addition to the miniaturization of the contour size. The semiconductor device uses a package substrate on which bonding leads which are formed respectively corresponding to bonding pads for address and data which are distributed to opposing first and second sides of a memory chip and address terminals and data terminals which are connected to the bonding leads are formed. The semiconductor device further includes an address output circuit and a data input/output circuit which are also served for memory access and a signal processing circuit having a data processing function.

Abstract: A semiconductor device uses a package substrate on which bonding leads are formed respectively corresponding to bonding pads for address and data which are distributed to opposing first and second sides of a memory chip and address terminals and data terminals which are connected to the bonding leads. The semiconductor device further includes an address output circuit and a data input/output circuit which also serves for memory access and a signal processing circuit having a data processing function. A semiconductor chip having bonding pads connected to the bonding leads corresponding to the address terminals of the package substrate and bonding pads connected to the bonding leads corresponding to the data terminals of the package substrate and distributed to two sides out of four sides and the above-mentioned memory chip are mounted on the package substrate in a stacked structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor device having a stacked structure which realizes the miniaturization of a contour size and the reduction of thickness. The present invention also provides a semiconductor device which realizes high performance and high reliability in addition to the miniaturization of the contour size. The semiconductor device uses a package substrate on which bonding leads which are formed respectively corresponding to bonding pads for address and data which are distributed to opposing first and second sides of a memory chip and address terminals and data terminals which are connected to the bonding leads are formed. The semiconductor device further includes an address output circuit and a data input/output circuit which are also served for memory access and a signal processing circuit having a data processing function.

Abstract: A charging roller is constituted of a shaft, a conductive elastic cylinder, and a charging layer. The shaft is integrally covered with the conductive elastic cylinder. Further, the conductive elastic cylinder is integrally covered with the charging layer. The charging roller formed in this way is restored such that it is loosely encased in a seamless charging tube having semi-conductivity.

Abstract: A charging roller is constituted of a shaft, a conductive elastic cylinder, and a charging layer. The shaft is integrally covered with the conductive elastic cylinder. Further, the conductive elastic cylinder is integrally covered with the charging layer. The charging roller formed in this way is restored such that it is loosely encased in a seamless charging tube having semi-conductivity.

Abstract: A charging device or a transfer device used for an electrophotographic printer includes a charging unit. In this charging unit, a shaft is loosely encased by a conductive elastic cylinder. Further, the conductive elastic cylinder is loosely encased by a seamless charging tube. As to the charging device, the charging unit is pressed against a photosensitive drum. The seamless charging tube and the conductive elastic cylinder are driven to rotate in association with a rotation of the photo sensitive drum. A charging voltage is applied between the seamless charging tube and the photosensitive drum.