Abstract: A polytetrafluoroethylene having a breaking strength of 10.0 N or more and a thermal instability index (TII) of 20 or more. Also disclosed is a stretched body including the polytetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer. The surfactant includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a surfactant represented by R1a—CO—R2 a—CO—R3a—OSO3Xa and a surfactant represented by R1b—CO—(CR2b2)n—(OR3b)p—(CR4b2)q-L-OSO3Xb.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer of the invention which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer. The surfactant includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a surfactant represented by R1a—CO—R2a—CO—R3a-Aa and a surfactant represented by R1b—CO—(CR2b2)n—(OR3b)p—(CR4b2)q-L-Ab.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer, which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer, wherein the surfactant is a carboxylic acid type hydrocarbon-containing surfactant.

Abstract: A core-shell particle including a core containing a perfluoropolymer and a shell containing a non-fluorine resin, the core having a periphery coated with the non-fluorine resin at a coverage of 90% or more, the perfluoropolymer being a polymer containing a polymerized unit based on a perfluoro monomer in an amount of 90 mol % or more relative to all polymerized units, and the shell having a mass of 50 or less relative to a total mass of the core and the shell of 80. Also disclosed is a method for producing the core-shell particle.

Abstract: Powder including low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a melt viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C., having a melt viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C., having an average particle size of 1.0 to 50 ?m, and containing 30 or more carboxyl groups at ends of the molecule chain per 106 carbon atoms in the main chain, wherein the powder is substantially free from C8-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and salts thereof.

Abstract: A main object of the present invention is to provide a novel acetylpolyamine detection agent that is easy to produce and use. This object is achieved by an acetylpolyamine detection agent comprising compound (A) having one or more polyether rings, wherein the polyether rings have one or more hydroxyl groups as substituents.

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a surfactant to provide a fluoropolymer, the surfactant being represented by the general formula (1): CR1R2R4—CR3R5—X-A, wherein R1 to R5 are each H or a monovalent substituent, with the proviso that at least one of R1 and R3 represents a group represented by the general formula: —Y—R6 and at least one of R2 and R5 represents a group represented by the general formula: —X-A or a group represented by the general formula: —Y—R6; and A is the same or different at each occurrence and is —COOM, —SO3M, or —OSO3M. Also disclosed is a surfactant for polymerization represented by the general formula (1), a method for producing a fluoropolymer using the surfactant and a composition including a fluoropolymer and the surfactant.

Abstract: The invention provides a production method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene enabling easy removal of most of C8-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and salts thereof, which are unfortunately generated by irradiation, from the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene. The method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene includes: (1) irradiating polytetrafluoroethylene to provide low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a melt viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C.; (2) pulverizing the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene; and (3) heating the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene pulverized in the step (2).

Abstract: A method for producing a fluoropolymer, which includes polymerizing a fluoromonomer in an aqueous medium in the presence of a polymer (1), the polymer (1) including a polymerized unit derived from a monomer CX2?CY(—CZ2—O—Rf-A), wherein X is the same or different and is —H or —F; Y is —H, —F, an alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group; Z is the same or different and is —H, —F, an alkyl group, or a fluoroalkyl group; Rf is a C1-C40 fluorine-containing alkylene group or a C—C100 fluorine-containing alkylene group and having an ether bond; and A is —COOM, —SO3M, or —OSO3M, wherein M is —H, a metal atom, —NR74, imidazolium optionally having a substituent, pyridinium optionally having a substituent, or phosphonium optionally having a substituent, wherein R7 is H or an organic group, providing that at least one of X, Y, and Z contains a fluorine atom.

Abstract: Low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder having a complex viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C., containing 5 or less carboxyl groups at ends of the molecule chain per 106 carbon atoms in the main chain, and being substantially free from C8-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and salts thereof. Also disclosed is a method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a modified fluorine-containing copolymer excellent in crack resistance, a fluororesin molded article, and a method of producing a fluororesin molded article. The present invention includes a modified fluorine-containing copolymer consisting only of tetrafluoroethylene units and perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) units. The copolymer is modified by irradiation with radiation at an irradiation temperature not higher than the melting point of the copolymer but not lower than 200° C.

Abstract: Low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene powder having a complex viscosity of 1×102 to 7×103 Pa·s at 380° C., containing 5 or less carboxyl groups at ends of the molecule chain per 106 carbon atoms in the main chain, and being substantially free from C8-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and salts thereof. Also disclosed is a method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene.

Abstract: A method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene less likely to generate C8-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and salts thereof. The method includes: (1) feeding into an airtight container: polytetrafluoroethylene; at least one additive selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, alcohols, and carboxylic acids other than C8-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids; and at least one selected from the group consisting of inert gases other than the above additive and oxygen adsorbents; and (2) irradiating the polytetrafluoroethylene to provide low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a complex viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene less likely to generate C8-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and salts thereof. The method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene includes: (1) feeding into an airtight container: polytetrafluoroethylene; at least one additive selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, alcohols, and carboxylic acids other than C8-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids; and at least one selected from the group consisting of inert gases other than the above additive and oxygen adsorbents; and (2) irradiating the polytetrafluoroethylene to provide low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a complex viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C.

Abstract: The invention provides a production method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene enabling easy removal of most of C8-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids and salts thereof, which are unfortunately generated by irradiation, from the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene. The method for producing low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene includes: (1) irradiating polytetrafluoroethylene to provide low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene having a melt viscosity of 1×102 to 7×105 Pa·s at 380° C.; (2) pulverizing the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene; and (3) heating the low molecular weight polytetrafluoroethylene pulverized in the step (2).

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a sheet having high conductivity in the thickness direction and excellent breathability, water repellency, corrosion resistance, and flexibility so as to be suitably used for an electrode of fuel cells and the like. The present invention also aims to provide an electrode and a fuel cell. The present invention provides a sheet containing polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon black, and graphite, the polytetrafluoroethylene having a standard specific gravity of 2.14 to 2.28, a total amount of the carbon black and the graphite being more than 35% by mass of a total amount of the polytetrafluoroethylene, the carbon black, and the graphite.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a modified fluorine-containing copolymer excellent in crack resistance, a fluororesin molded article, and a method of producing a fluororesin molded article. The present invention includes a modified fluorine-containing copolymer consisting only of tetrafluoroethylene units and perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether) units. The copolymer is modified by irradiation with radiation at an irradiation temperature not higher than the melting point of the copolymer but not lower than 200° C.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a laminate in which a metal and a fluoropolymer are directly and firmly attached to each other. The present invention relates to a laminate including a layer (A) including a metal, and a layer (B) formed on the layer (A), wherein the layer (B) includes a copolymer containing a polymer unit based on tetrafluoroethylene and a polymer unit based on a perfluoro(alkyl vinyl ether), the copolymer contains a carboxyl group at a terminus of a main chain and has a melt flow rate of not lower than 20 g/10 min and a melting point of not higher than 295° C., and the metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, iron, and an alloy thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides a fluororesin composition capable of providing a molded article having low relative dielectric constant, excellent in a temperature stability and causing only small transmission losses. The invention is a fluororesin composition wherein a rate of change in relative dielectric constant between 25° C. and 80° C. of a molded article produced therefrom under a standard condition is not greater than 0.2%.