Abstract: Provided is a two-stroke internal combustion engine, including: a fuel injection valve configured to supply a fuel to a crank chamber; an intake passage configured to allow only air to be sucked thereinto under a negative pressure generated when a piston is actuated; and a scavenging passage that allows communication between the crank chamber and a combustion chamber. The intake passage is branched into a first intake passage and a second intake passage. The first intake passage communicates with the crank chamber. The second intake passage communicates with the scavenging passage. The fuel injection valve is configured to inject the fuel toward at least one of the first intake passage or the crank chamber. Further, air stagnant in the scavenging passage at end of air suction serves as leading air to contribute to scavenging.

Abstract: A power generation element includes a magnetic member that produces a large Barkhausen effect and magnetism collection members including an insertion part having the magnetic member inserted therethrough. The magnetism collection member includes a first component on an opposite side of a boundary plane to a magnetic field generation unit and a second component on the same side of the boundary plane as the magnetic field generation unit, the boundary plane passing through a center of an imaginary circle inscribed in the insertion part and having a diameter equal to a length of the insertion part in a third direction perpendicular to first and second directions, the first direction is a direction of the insertion of the magnetic member, and the second direction is a direction in which the magnetic field generation unit is disposed. A volume of the second component is larger than a volume of the first component.

Abstract: Provided is a two-stroke internal combustion engine, including: a fuel injection valve configured to supply a fuel into a crank chamber; an intake passage configured to allow only air to be sucked thereinto under a negative pressure generated when a piston is actuated; and a scavenging passage that allows communication between the crank chamber and a combustion chamber. Further, air passing through the intake passage is introduced into the scavenging passage, and air stagnant in the scavenging passage at end of air suction contributes to scavenging.

Abstract: Provided is a two-stroke internal combustion engine, including: a fuel injection valve configured to supply a fuel into a crank chamber; an intake passage configured to allow only air to be sucked thereinto under a negative pressure generated when a piston is actuated; and a scavenging passage that allows communication between the crank chamber and a combustion chamber. Further, air passing through the intake passage is introduced into the scavenging passage, and air stagnant in the scavenging passage at end of air suction contributes to scavenging.

Abstract: Provided is a two-stroke internal combustion engine, including: a fuel injection valve configured to supply a fuel to a crank chamber; an intake passage configured to allow only air to be sucked thereinto under a negative pressure generated when a piston is actuated; and a scavenging passage that allows communication between the crank chamber and a combustion chamber. The intake passage is branched into a first intake passage and a second intake passage. The first intake passage communicates with the crank chamber. The second intake passage communicates with the scavenging passage. The fuel injection valve is configured to inject the fuel toward at least one of the first intake passage or the crank chamber. Further, air stagnant in the scavenging passage at end of air suction serves as leading air to contribute to scavenging.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine (4) has a throttle motor (22) for driving a throttle valve (20), a fuel injection device (430) disposed in an intake system (18) including a crank chamber (420), and a control unit (24) controlling the throttle motor (22) and the fuel injection device. The two-stroke engine (4) is designed to achieve an engine rotation speed of 4,500 rpm to 7,000 rpm when the throttle valve (20) is fully open. The two-stroke engine (4) is operated with the throttle full open by the control unit (24), and a battery (8) is charged with electric power generated by a generator (6) using the two-stroke engine.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine (4) has a throttle motor (22) for driving a throttle valve (20), a fuel injection device (430) disposed in an intake system (18) including a crank chamber (420), and a control unit (24) controlling the throttle motor (22) and the fuel injection device. The two-stroke engine (4) is designed to achieve an engine rotation speed of 4,500 rpm to 7,000 rpm when the throttle valve (20) is fully open. The two-stroke engine (4) is operated with the throttle full open by the control unit (24), and a battery (8) is charged with electric power generated by a generator (6) using the two-stroke engine.

Abstract: Provided is an engine knocking detection apparatus capable of reasonably implementing necessary measures for water and dust proofing and against breaking of a cable, and the like at low cost as well as precisely detecting and effectively suppressing or avoiding knocking while suppressing cost and weight increases as much as possible. The engine knocking detection apparatus is adapted to detect knocking in an engine that adopts a flywheel magneto ignition system with an ignition coil unit securely attached to a cylinder, the ignition coil unit including an iron core, a coil wound around the iron core, and a control circuit board attached to the coil, and has an accelerometer for knocking detection attached to the iron core of the ignition coil unit.

Abstract: Provided is an engine knocking detection apparatus capable of reasonably implementing necessary measures for water and dust proofing and against breaking of a cable, and the like at low cost as well as precisely detecting and effectively suppressing or avoiding knocking while suppressing cost and weight increases as much as possible. The engine knocking detection apparatus is adapted to detect knocking in an engine that adopts a flywheel magneto ignition system with an ignition coil unit securely attached to a cylinder, the ignition coil unit including an iron core, a coil wound around the iron core, and a control circuit board attached to the coil, and has an accelerometer for knocking detection attached to the iron core of the ignition coil unit.

Abstract: An external air introduction apparatus includes: an external air introduction opening that guides external air into an exhaust channel, and opened and closed by a pressure difference between an external air pressure and a pressure inside the exhaust channel; a valve plate having a valve body that elastically deforms due to the pressure difference; a base plate stacked on the valve plate and having an opening that faces the valve body and smaller than the valve body and a seat surface formed around the opening; and a restriction plate that restricts elastic deformation of the valve body. The opening is closed and opened by the contact and separation of the valve body and the seat surface. The plates are fixed to a wall that forms the exhaust channel with a fastening member.

Abstract: An exhaust muffler to be attached to an engine body includes a casing that includes: a rear member facing the engine body and a front member opposing to the rear member while maintaining a gap between the front member and the rear member, the gap forming a path in which exhaust gas discharged from the engine body flows; at least one guiding member that is disposed in the gap of the casing, extends from the rear member to the front member, and has a through-hole into which a fastening member that fastens the casing to the engine body is inserted; and a catalyst holding member that holds a catalyst that purifies the exhaust gas and is accommodated in the gap of the casing while being supported by the at least one guiding member.

Abstract: An oil level display device is fitted such that a float guide accommodating a float is attached to an oil filler neck and is plugged with a float cap. To check the amount of oil, the float cap is removed and the position of the float is checked. If a sufficient amount of oil is stored, an upward force derived from oil buoyancy is larger than a downward force of the own weight of the float, from among the forces that act on the float. The float thus protrudes beyond a large-diameter portion upon removal of the float cap from the float guide.

Abstract: An external air introduction apparatus includes: an external air introduction opening that guides external air into an exhaust channel, and opened and closed by a pressure difference between an external air pressure and a pressure inside the exhaust channel; a valve plate having a valve body that elastically deforms due to the pressure difference; a base plate stacked on the valve plate and having an opening that faces the valve body and smaller than the valve body and a seat surface formed around the opening; and a restriction plate that restricts elastic deformation of the valve body. The opening is closed and opened by the contact and separation of the valve body and the seat surface. The plates are fixed to a wall that forms the exhaust channel with a fastening member.

Abstract: An exhaust muffler to be attached to an engine body includes a casing that includes: a rear member facing the engine body and a front member opposing to the rear member while maintaining a gap between the front member and the rear member, the gap forming a path in which exhaust gas discharged from the engine body flows; at least one guiding member that is disposed in the gap of the casing, extends from the rear member to the front member, and has a through-hole into which a fastening member that fastens the casing to the engine body is inserted; and a catalyst holding member that holds a catalyst that purifies the exhaust gas and is accommodated in the gap of the casing while being supported by the at least one guiding member.

Abstract: An engine having a crank shaft which is caused to start to rotate by pulling a recoil rope includes: a reel around which the recoil rope is wound; a clutch mechanism which is provided between the reel and the crank shaft and switchable between a first state and a second state; and a sub-generator connected to the reel. The first state of the clutch mechanism allows transmission of force in one direction from the reel to the crank shaft, while the second state does not allow transmission of force in both directions between the reel and the crank shaft. When the crank shaft is caused to start to rotate, the clutch mechanism is switched to the first state, whereas when the sub-generator is driven for power generation, the clutch mechanism is switched to the second state.

Abstract: An oil level display device is fitted such that a float guide accommodating a float is attached to an oil filler neck and is plugged with a float cap. To check the amount of oil, the float cap is removed and the position of the float is checked. If a sufficient amount of oil is stored, an upward force derived from oil buoyancy is larger than a downward force of the own weight of the float, from among the forces that act on the float. The float thus protrudes beyond a large-diameter portion upon removal of the float cap from the float guide.

Abstract: Provided is a gene set which is useful for predicting the therapeutic effect of an immunotherapy on a cancer patient. Also provided is a method for examining whether an immunotherapy is efficacious or not, said method comprising quantifying the expression amount of each of the genes constituting the aforesaid gene set. This examination method is useful for determining a therapeutic strategy for the cancer patient.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for predicting effect of immunotherapy on a cancer patient and/or prognosis of the cancer patient after the immunotherapy, and a gene set and a kit for use in the method.

Abstract: Provided are a cutting guide device for preparing a texture section, which can prepare a texture section manually with a cutting tool such as a pathological knife, in a uniform thickness and in a regular section with neither experience nor skill, a texture section preparing device, and a method for preparing a texture section. The texture section preparing cutting guide device includes a placing base for placing a texture mass directly or indirectly thereon, and a cutting guide cover for preventing the texture mass placed directly or indirectly on the placing base from moving, by holding the texture mass downward. In at least such a portion of the cutting guide cover as to hold the texture mass, there are formed a plurality of slits, into which a knife to be used to cut the texture mass can be inserted. The slits have their intervals set to the thickness of a desired texture section.

Abstract: A signal relay device, a communication network system and an operation system include: a standardized logic interface conversion unit for judging a control system type or a device type and converting a signal to a signal appropriate for a communication network; or a device side logic interface conversion unit for converting a signal from the communication network to a signal appropriate for the control system type or the device type. An operation monitoring station includes a an advanced control block for the control system or the device and transmits a control signal to the communication network.