Abstract: A road surface rendering device for rendering a road surface by illuminating an illumination region extending along a direction away from the road surface rendering device with light. The illumination region is divided into three regions of a left region, a central region, and a right region in a direction intersecting a longitudinal direction, an illuminance of the central region is largest.

Abstract: A satisfaction level calculation device (10) acquires environmental data detected by each of a plurality of environment sensors (20). The satisfaction level calculation device (10) sets each of a plurality of indexes about a space environment as a target index. The satisfaction level calculation device (10) calculates, from the environmental data acquired by measuring the target index, an individual satisfaction level, which is a satisfaction level of the target index. The satisfaction level calculation device (10) calculates, from the individual satisfaction level about each of the plurality of indexes, an overall satisfaction level, which is an overall satisfaction level about the space environment.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, a magnetic head slider provided with a heater disposed near a read element to adjust flying height, is required to increase a thermal protrusion by heat generated by the heater without increasing a thermal protrusion attributable to heat generated by a recording current or environmental temperature. A magnetic head slider includes a thin-film head unit including a read element, a heater having a thin heating line extended above and below the read element, a write element, and an insulating layer of alumina (Al2O3) or the like insulating those components. The thin heating line of the heater is formed from a thin resistive film of NiCr or the like. The thin heating line of the heater is extended above and below the read element so as to meander in a zigzag shape in a direction perpendicular to the device forming surface. The thin heating line has a thickness between about 0.1 and 0.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a compact thin-film magnetic head capable of being increased in the number of terminals, and a magnetic disk drive that uses the thin-film magnetic head. In one embodiment, a thin-film magnetic head is constructed that has a magnetic response element, multiple connection object terminals, multiple lead conductors electrically connected to the magnetic response element, and multiple connection sections each formed between each of the connection object terminals and one of the multiple lead conductors in order to electrically connect each of the connection object terminals and one of the lead conductor. All of the multiple lead conductors are provided in the state where they extend from the magnetic response element to the lower layers of the multiple connection object terminals. A magnetic disk drive using the thin-film magnetic head is constructed.

Abstract: A thin-film magnetic-recording head. The thin-film magnetic-recording head includes a read/write element portion, at least one built-in thin-film acoustic-emission sensor, and a heater. The read/write element portion, the thin-film acoustic-emission sensor and the heater are integrally formed in proximity to a face of an electrically conductive slider substrate over which the read/write element portion, the acoustic-emission sensor and the heater are formed, near an air-bearing surface formed on a surface of the slider substrate. The face of the slider substrate is configured to be disposed opposite to a magnetic-recording medium of a magnetic-recording disk.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention prevent the write element lead wires from inducing crosstalk current in the read element lead wires. In one embodiment, a magnetic head slider comprises: a substrate portion; a heating resistor formed on the substrate portion through the intermediary of an insulation layer; a magnetic write element and a magnetic read element which are formed over the heating resistor through the intermediary of an insulation layer; and a terminal array structure provided with first terminals to wire the magnetic write element, second terminals to wire the magnetic read element, and third terminals to wire the heating resistor, wherein two of the third terminals for the heating resistor are located respectively on the opposite outer sides of the first and second terminals.

Abstract: In the case of employing the wire bonding for the actual element detection in the air bearing surface polishing process and the solder bonding for the connection between the terminals in the assembly process, it has been virtually impossible to satisfy requirements of both of the wire bonding and the solder bonding. According to the embodiment of the invention an MR head and a write head are stacked on an element formation surface of a slider. A lead line connected to electrodes of the MR head is connected to MR element terminals 20 via a copper stud. An outgoing line from coils of the write head is connected to write element terminals via a copper stud. The stacked body of the MR head and the read head, the lead line, and the coil outgoing line are covered with an alumina protection film. The MR element terminals and the write element terminals are formed on the alumina protection film.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the present invention, a magnetic head slider provided with a heater disposed near a read element to adjust flying height, is required to increase a thermal protrusion by heat generated by the heater without increasing a thermal protrusion attributable to heat generated by a recording current or environmental temperature. A magnetic head slider includes a thin-film head unit including a read element, a heater having a thin heating line extended above and below the read element, a write element, and an insulating layer of alumina (Al2O3) or the like insulating those components. The thin heating line of the heater is formed from a thin resistive film of NiCr or the like. The thin heating line of the heater is extended above and below the read element so as to meander in a zigzag shape in a direction perpendicular to the device forming surface. The thin heating line has a thickness between about 0.1 and 0.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a compact thin-film magnetic head capable of being increased in the number of terminals, and a magnetic disk drive that uses the thin-film magnetic head. In one embodiment, a thin-film magnetic head is constructed that has a magnetic response element, multiple connection object terminals, multiple lead conductors electrically connected to the magnetic response element, and multiple connection sections each formed between each of the connection object terminals and one of the multiple lead conductors in order to electrically connect each of the connection object terminals and one of the lead conductor. All of the multiple lead conductors are provided in the state where they extend from the magnetic response element to the lower layers of the multiple connection object terminals. A magnetic disk drive using the thin-film magnetic head is constructed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention prevent the write element lead wires from inducing crosstalk current in the read element lead wires. In one embodiment, a magnetic head slider comprises: a substrate portion; a heating resistor formed on the substrate portion through the intermediary of an insulation layer; a magnetic write element and a magnetic read element which are formed over the heating resistor through the intermediary of an insulation layer; and a terminal array structure provided with first terminals to wire the magnetic write element, second terminals to wire the magnetic read element, and third terminals to wire the heating resistor, wherein two of the third terminals for the heating resistor are located respectively on the opposite outer sides of the first and second terminals.

Abstract: In the case of employing the wire bonding for the actual element detection in the air bearing surface polishing process and the solder bonding for the connection between the terminals in the assembly process, it has been virtually impossible to satisfy requirements of both of the wire bonding and the solder bonding. According to the embodiment of the invention an MR head and a write head are stacked on an element formation surface of a slider. A lead line connected to electrodes of the MR head is connected to MR element terminals 20 via a copper stud. An outgoing line from coils of the write head is connected to write element terminals via a copper stud. The stacked body of the MR head and the read head, the lead line, and the coil outgoing line are covered with an alumina protection film. The MR element terminals and the write element terminals are formed on the alumina protection film.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic head which can suppress magnetic saturation at opposite ends of width of a narrow track width to reduce the amount of recording side-fringing onto a recording medium and which can assure a necessary recording magnetic field satisfactorily. Also a magnetic disk apparatus using the head. A second magnetic yoke has a magnetic gap depth over which the spacing of a magnetic gap keeps substantially equal toward a rear portion of the second magnetic yoke, starting at the tip of a second magnetic pole and the spacing between a first magnetic yoke and the second magnetic yoke is increased toward the rear portion, starting at a position corresponding to the magnetic gap depth. The second magnetic pole of the second magnetic yoke has in the track width direction a width for recording a signal on a track width of the recording medium.

Abstract: A magnetic disc apparatus has a large recording density of 120 megabits per square inch or more, and defines a relationship among a pole thickness (Pt) of thin-film magnetic heads disposed in the magnetic disc apparatus, and a saturation flux density (Bs) of cores of the heads and a recording wavelength (.lambda.) for the thin film magnetic discs have a coercivity of 1800 Oe or more, wherein a levitation space between the head and the disc is 0.15 .mu.m or less.

Abstract: A magnetic disc unit has a thin film magnetic head in which a lower magnetic core and an upper magnetic core form a magnetic circuit. The upper magnetic core is constructed by magnetic films having at least two layers. A saturation magnetic flux density of the inside magnetic film, of the magnetic films having at least two layers, facing a magnetic gap of the magnetic circuit is larger than that of the outside magnetic films of the upper magnetic core and the lower magnetic core.

Abstract: In a magnetic disk device having a composite head with an induction type of recording head adjacent a magneto-resistance effect type of reproducing head, a read error relief is provided to relieve read errors caused by Barkhausen Noise or Base Line Shift phenomenon inherent to the magneto-resistance effect type of reproducing head. Upon occurrence of a read error, a re-try function is first executed, and a track offset function is executed for relief of the read error. However, if the read error is not relieved after the offset operation and the re-try operation have been performed a predetermined number of times, then a pseudo write-in and/or read current control operation is performed together with the offset operation and/or re-try operation for a predetermined number of times. The control operation varies the magnetic domain structure in the head magnetic film (MR film).

Abstract: A magnetic head for reading from and/or writing to a magnetic information storage medium has a substrate on which a plurality of thin films are formed in sequence. The films provide a magnetic circuit having a magnetic gap, a bottom pole piece and a top pole piece overlying said bottom pole piece. The top pole piece is formed as a tip portion adjoining the magnetic gap and a rear portion which makes magnetic contact with the tip portion. The rear portion is formed in the sequence after the tip portion. To ensure accurate thickness and width of the tip portion, a non-magnetic protective film is formed on the tip portion after the tip portion is formed and before the rear portion is formed.

Abstract: A method of making a silicon diaphragm pressure sensor includes forming an oxide film on one surface of a monocrystalline silicon substrate. A polycrystalline silicon layer is formed on the oxide film. The oxide film may be partly removed before the formation of the polycrystalline silicon layer. The polycrystalline silicon layer is heated and melt to recrystallize the same, thereby converting the polycrystalline silicon layer into a monocrystalline silicon layer. On the monocrystalline silicon layer may be epitaxially grown an additional monocrystalline silicon layer. By using the oxide film as an etching stopper, a predetermined portion of the substrate is etched over a range from the other surface of the substrate to the oxide film, thereby providing a diaphragm of the pressure sensor.

Abstract: A tablet type coordinate input apparatus comprises a flat medium for propagating a longitudinal elastic wave, longitudinal elastic wave detecting elements disposed on part of the end-adjacent side surfaces or of the front surface of the flat medium, a longitudinal elastic wave input member having an end portion terminating in a sharp-pointed end and brought into pressure engagement at that end with any desired position on the surface of the flat medium to radiate the longitudinal elastic wave from that end, an amplifier circuit amplifying electrical signals indicative of the elastic wave detected by the detecting elements, a comparator circuit comparing the signals amplified by the amplifier circuit with a predetermined threshold voltage thereby generating delay pulse signals corresponding to the propagation times of the longitudinal elastic wave, a counter circuit counting the lengths of time elapsed from the time of radiation of the longitudinal elastic wave toward the flat medium as a result of pressure en

Abstract: The drain voltage of an IGFET having a channel responsive to the change in physical quantity to be measured is negatively fed back to the gate terminal of the IGFET. The negative feedback loop includes series connection of a first amplifier having an amplification factor larger than unity and a second amplifier having an amplification factor smaller than unity. The interconnection point between the first and the second amplifiers is connected to the output terminal. There is provided a stable, highly sensitive and highly reliable semiconductor sensor.

Abstract: A thin film magnetic head which can suppress magnetic saturation at opposite ends of width of a narrow track width to reduce the amount of recording side-fringing onto a recording medium and which can assure a necessary recording magnetic field satisfactorily. Also a magnetic disk apparatus using the head. A second magnetic yoke has a magnetic gap depth over which the spacing of a magnetic gap keeps substantially equal toward a rear portion of the second magnetic yoke, starting at the tip of a second magnetic pole and the spacing between a first magnetic yoke and the second magnetic yoke is increased toward the rear portion, starting at a position corresponding to the magnetic gap depth. The second magnetic pole of the second magnetic yoke has in the track width direction a width for recording a signal on a track width of the recording medium.