Abstract: A laser beam output apparatus includes a pulsed laser output section, an optical path determining section, a wavelength changing section, and a multiplexer. The pulsed laser output section outputs a laser beam having a predetermined wavelength as first pulses. The optical path determining section receives the first pulses and determines one among a plurality of optical paths for each of the first pulses for output. The wavelength changing section receives light beams traveling, respectively, through the plurality of optical paths and changes the light beams to have their respective different wavelengths for output. The multiplexer multiplexes outputs from the wavelength changing section.

Abstract: A laser beam output apparatus includes a pulsed laser output section, an optical path determining section, a wavelength changing section, and a multiplexer. The pulsed laser output section outputs a laser beam having a predetermined wavelength as first pulses. The optical path determining section receives the first pulses and determines one among a plurality of optical paths for each of the first pulses for output. The wavelength changing section receives light beams traveling, respectively, through the plurality of optical paths and changes the light beams to have their respective different wavelengths for output. The multiplexer multiplexes outputs from the wavelength changing section.

Abstract: To measure contact pressure of each of a plurality of small protrusions arranged at a narrow pitch and contacting a flat surface, provided is a contact pressure detection apparatus comprising a sensor section that is contacted by a target and has pressure applied thereto by the target; a light source section that radiates light with a wavelength causing Raman scattering in the sensor section to which the pressure is applied; and a detecting section that receives light from the sensor section and detects the pressure between the sensor section and the target. Also provided is a contact point pressure measurement apparatus that measures contact pressure of an electrode of a device under test, comprising: a fixing section that has the device under test mounted thereon and fixes the electrode of the device under test in a manner to press against the sensor section; and the contact pressure detection apparatus.

Abstract: Fuel charcoal having a plurality of air-passing portions in the shape of through holes or grooves in its body so as to supply combustion air thereto while burning, by which it keeps a burning state once catching fire.