Abstract: Provided is a display device including: a light guide plate arranged so that an edge surface thereof is opposed to a light source, the light guide plate being configured to internally reflect light entering from the edge surface to cause planar light emission from a front surface of the light guide plate; and a reflective sheet arranged so as to be opposed to a rear surface of the light guide plate. Irregularities are formed on the front surface. The irregularities are formed to have a shape of a combination of first convex portions and second convex portions, each of the first convex portions including a first ridge line which continuously extends along a first direction corresponding to a light traveling direction, each of the second convex portions including a second ridge line which continuously extends along a second direction intersecting the first direction.

Abstract: Provided is a display device including: a light guide plate arranged so that an edge surface thereof is opposed to a light source, the light guide plate being configured to internally reflect light entering from the edge surface to cause planar light emission from a front surface of the light guide plate; and a reflective sheet arranged so as to be opposed to a rear surface of the light guide plate. Irregularities are formed on the front surface. The irregularities are formed to have a shape of a combination of first convex portions and second convex portions, each of the first convex portions including a first ridge line which continuously extends along a first direction corresponding to a light traveling direction, each of the second convex portions including a second ridge line which continuously extends along a second direction intersecting the first direction.

Abstract: A display device includes a glass substrate having a gate line, a drain line, a pixel electrode, and a thin film transistor. A silicon nitride film is formed on the glass substrate, and a silicon oxide film is formed on the silicon nitride film. The thin film transistor is formed on the silicon oxide film, and includes a poly-silicon film, a gate electrode which is electrically connected to the gate line, a drain electrode which connected to the drain line, and a source electrode which is electrically connected to the pixel electrode. A gate insulation film is formed between the silicon oxide film and the gate electrode, and an interlayer film is interposed between the gate insulation film and the pixel electrode. The silicon nitride film has a larger film thickness than that of the silicon oxide film, and the films are configured so as to reduce reflection.

Abstract: An aqueous solution containing a fluorine-containing emulsifier in a low concentration of at least 1 ppm by mass and at most 1% by mass (e.g., coagulation waste water after an emulsion polymerization of a fluoropolymer and/or an aqueous solution obtained by washing with an aqueous solution a waste gas from a drying process and/or a heat treating process of the fluoropolymer) is subjected to vacuum concentration under a pressure of at most 100 kPa and a temperature of the aqueous solution of at most 100° C. by means of a heating tube surface evaporation type concentrator equipped with a heat pump or the like, and the fluorine-containing emulsifier is recovered from a highly concentrated aqueous solution containing the fluorine-containing emulsifier in a higher concentration of at least 5% by mass. According to the present method, the fluorine-containing emulsifier can be recovered with a high yield from a low-concentration liquid such as coagulation waste water of a fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A display device includes a glass substrate having a gate line, a drain line, a pixel electrode, and a thin film transistor. A silicon nitride film is formed on the glass substrate, and a silicon oxide film is formed on the silicon nitride film. The thin film transistor is formed on the silicon oxide film, and includes a poly-silicon film, a gate electrode which is electrically connected to the gate line, a drain electrode which connected to the drain line, and a source electrode which is electrically connected to the pixel electrode. A gate insulation film is formed between the silicon oxide film and the gate electrode, and an interlayer film is interposed between the gate insulation film and the pixel electrode. The silicon nitride film has a larger film thickness than that of the silicon oxide film, and the films are configured so as to reduce reflection.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device the reflection of light from a transmissive region is reduced, the contrast of images is enhanced and a display of inverted images is suppressed. The liquid crystal display device includes a first background film made of silicon nitride and a second background film made of silicon oxide over a glass substrate, and thin film transistors and light transmissive pixel portions are formed over the second background film. Each thin film transistor is constituted of a polysilicon film, a gate electrode, a drain electrode and a source electrode, while a gate insulation film, an interlayer insulation film and an organic film are formed over the pixel portion. Further, in the liquid crystal display device external light is reflected, wherein by forming the first background film thicker than the second background film, the inversion of images of a transmissive type liquid crystal panel can be suppressed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first transparent substrate having a plurality of electrodes, a second transparent substrate, a liquid crystal interposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, an illumination light source disposed on a back side of the first transparent substrate, pixel regions arranged in a matrix, and a reflecting film formed between the first transparent substrate and the electrodes. The reflecting film has at least one light transmission aperture in each pixel region and without slits at positions corresponding to gaps between adjacent ones of the pixel regions.

Abstract: An aqueous solution containing a fluorine-containing emulsifier in a low concentration of at least 1 ppm by mass and at most 1% by mass (e.g., coagulation waste water after an emulsion polymerization of a fluoropolymer and/or an aqueous solution obtained by washing with an aqueous solution a waste gas from a drying process and/or a heat treating process of the fluoropolymer) is subjected to vacuum concentration under a pressure of at most 100 kPa and a temperature of the aqueous solution of at most 100° C. by means of a heating tube surface evaporation type concentrator equipped with a heat pump or the like, and the fluorine-containing emulsifier is recovered from a highly concentrated aqueous solution containing the fluorine-containing emulsifier in a higher concentration of at least 5% by mass. According to the present method, the fluorine-containing emulsifier can be recovered with a high yield from a low-concentration liquid such as coagulation waste water of a fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first transparent substrate having a plurality of electrodes, a second transparent substrate, a liquid crystal interposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, an illumination light source disposed on a back side of the first transparent substrate, pixel regions arranged in a matrix, and a reflecting film formed between the first transparent substrate and the electrodes. The reflecting film has at least one light transmission aperture in each pixel region and without slits at positions corresponding to gaps between adjacent ones of the pixel regions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal is interposed between a first transparent substrate having first electrodes and a second transparent substrate having other electrodes. Pixel regions are formed at portions where the first electrodes and the other electrodes are opposed to each other. A semitransparent reflecting film is formed between the first transparent substrate and the first electrodes. The semitransparent reflecting film is formed with light transmission apertures in each pixel region. The semitransparent reflecting film also occupies portions corresponding to the gaps between the adjacent pixel regions. Alternatively, in addition to the light transmission apertures, the semitransparent reflecting film is formed with slits at positions corresponding to the gaps between the adjacent pixel regions. A light absorption film is formed between the first transparent substrate and the semitransparent reflecting film at positions corresponding to the slits, or the slits are charged with a light absorption film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device which reduces the reflection of light from a transmissive region, enhances a contrast of images and suppresses display of inverted images. The liquid crystal display device includes a first background film made of silicon nitride and a second background film made of silicon oxide over a glass substrate, and thin film transistors and light transmissive pixel portions are formed over the second background film. The thin film transistor is constituted of a polysilicon film, agate electrode, a drain electrode and a source electrode, while a gate insulation film, an interlayer insulation film and an organic film are formed over the pixel portion. Further, the liquid crystal display device has a function of reflecting an external light, wherein by forming the first background film thicker than the second background film, the inversion of images of a transmissive type liquid crystal panel can be suppressed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal is interposed between a first transparent substrate having one electrodes and a second transparent substrate having the other electrodes. Pixel regions are formed at portions where the one electrodes and the other electrodes are opposed to each other. A semitransparent reflecting film is formed between the first transparent substrate and the one electrodes. The semitransparent reflecting film is formed with light transmission apertures in each pixel region. The semitransparent reflecting film also occupies portions corresponding to the gaps between the adjacent pixel regions. Alternatively, in addition to the light transmission apertures, the semitransparent reflecting film is formed with slits at positions corresponding to the gaps between the adjacent pixel regions. A light absorption film is formed between the first transparent substrate and the semitransparent reflecting film at positions corresponding to the slits, or the slits are charged with a light absorption film.

Abstract: A stereoscopic endoscope including an objective lens system for forming an image of an object which objective lens system is arranged at the front end of an inserting section and has a single optical axis; an image transmission device coaxially arranged with the objective lens system and adapted to transmit the image formed by the objective lens system; a pupil dividing device for dividing the image transmitted through the objective lens system and the image transmission device so as to obtain left and right images of the object; an image sensing device for picking up the left and right images obtained by the pupil dividing device; a first support structure containing at least the objective lens system; and a second support structure containing at least the pupil dividing device and the image sensing device, wherein the first and second support structures are rotatable relative to each other around an axis extending along the longitudinal dimension of the endoscope.

Abstract: An image pickup unit provided with an image pickup element is of structure capable of being detachably received in an endoscope body or a TV camera. After having been used in observation, the image pickup unit is dismounted, whereby disinfection processing and sterilization processing of the endoscope body from which the image pickup unit is dismounted, or the TV camera can be executed without inviting deterioration and the like of a characteristic of the image pickup unit by a disinfection unit, a sterilization unit or the like.

Abstract: A solid-state image sensing device for endoscopes including a color mosaic filter provided on a CCD image pick-up surface and having filters arranged so that the number of G-component pixels.gtoreq.the number of B-component pixels>the number of R-component pixels, the number of CCD pixels being set at a minimum requisite level in accordance with the information-amount characteristics of the endoscopic image to be picked up. A plurality of LPFs are provided in a signal processing section providing image signal resolution in which the G-component bandwidth.gtoreq.B-component bandwidth>R-component bandwidth, thereby obtaining an image-signal resolution which is high enough to allow the endoscopic image to be displayed, with the B-component being equal to or smaller than the G-component and larger than the R-component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an endoscopic apparatus which creates image information based on picture signals from an electron endoscope and has a memory device for storing the image information.

Abstract: A stereoscopic endoscope including an objective lens system for forming an image of an object which objective lens system is arranged at the front end of an inserting section and has a single optical axis; an image transmission device coaxially arranged with the objective lens system and adapted to transmit the image formed by the objective lens system; a pupil dividing device for dividing the image transmitted through the objective lens system and the image transmission device so as to obtain left and right images of the object; an image sensing device for picking up the left and right images obtained by the pupil dividing device; a first support structure containing-at least the objective lens system; and a second support structure containing at least the pupil dividing device and the image sensing device, wherein the first and second support structures are rotatable relative to each other around an axis extending along the longitudinal dimension of the endoscope.

Abstract: A winding method for winding a yarn by mounting and removing a defining guide on and from a yarn guide of a drum winder, wherein the defining guide defines a movement of a yarn in one direction according to a winding width and the drum winder has a normal traverse drum and a yarn guide provided at the section via which the yarn is fed to the traverse drum.

Abstract: In an electronic endoscope apparatus each of the signals of a plurality of systems output from at least one solid state imaging device is judged by a signal monitoring device as to whether it is normal or not. On the basis of the judged result, the processing mode corresponding to each of the signals of the plurality of systems is changed and each signal is processed. If an abnormality occurs, an observed image with which the endoscope inspection can continue will be secured to be safe. Further, in the electronic endoscope apparatus, when the output signal from the solid state imaging device is judged to be abnormal, the amount of illuminating light will be attenuated, the danger by the excessive amount of illuminating light will be avoided and the safety of the person being monitored will be secured.

Abstract: A winding method for winding a yarn by mounting and removing a defining guide on and from a yarn guide of a drum winder, wherein the defining guide defines a movement of a yarn in one direction according to a winding width and the drum winder has a normal traverse drum and a yarn guide provided at the section via which the yarn is fed to the traverse drum.