Abstract: A vehicle brake apparatus in which a self-locked state of a cut-off valve is quickly relieved if the valve becomes stuck in the self-locked state. The vehicle brake apparatus comprises a master cylinder to have wheel cylinders generate a braking force, master cut-off valves of a normally open type, a slave cylinder electrically driven to apply a braking force to the wheel cylinders. The apparatus also includes pressure sensors for detecting brake fluid pressures generated by the master cylinder and the slave cylinder, and out-valves through which the brake fluid pressure on the wheel cylinders is reduced. If the brake fluid pressure corresponding to a depressing stroke of a brake pedal becomes higher than a valve openable pressure on the master cut-off valves while the brake pedal is being operated, the brake fluid pressure on the wheel cylinders is reduced through the out-valves.

Abstract: A vehicle brake apparatus in which a self-locked state of a cut-off valve is quickly relieved if the valve becomes stuck in the self-locked state. The vehicle brake apparatus comprises a master cylinder to have wheel cylinders generate a braking force, master cut-off valves of a normally open type, a slave cylinder electrically driven to apply a braking force to the wheel cylinders. The apparatus also includes pressure sensors for detecting brake fluid pressures generated by the master cylinder and the slave cylinder, and out-valves through which the brake fluid pressure on the wheel cylinders is reduced. If the brake fluid pressure corresponding to a depressing stroke of a brake pedal becomes higher than a valve openable pressure on the master cut-off valves while the brake pedal is being operated, the brake fluid pressure on the wheel cylinders is reduced through the out-valves.

Abstract: A lock piston operates to automatically lock a parking brake piston which achieves a parking brake applied state in response to hydraulic pressure in a parking brake application control hydraulic chamber and operates to release a locked state in response to hydraulic pressure in a parking brake release control hydraulic chamber, and a manual change-over unit holding the hydraulic pressure in the parking brake release control hydraulic chamber to a hydraulic pressure on a lock release side, is provided among the wheel brake side hydraulic path, the parking brake application control hydraulic chamber and the parking brake release control hydraulic chamber by bypassing a hydraulic pressure control unit which changes over the application or release of hydraulic pressure to the parking brake application control hydraulic chamber and the parking brake release control hydraulic chamber.

Abstract: A lock piston 64 operates to automatically lock a parking brake piston 53 which achieves a parking brake applied state in response to hydraulic pressure in a parking brake application control hydraulic chamber 54 and operates to release a locked state in response to hydraulic pressure in a parking brake release control hydraulic chamber 69, and a manual change-over unit 108 holding the hydraulic pressure in the parking brake release control hydraulic chamber 69 to a hydraulic pressure on a lock release side, is provided among the wheel brake side hydraulic path 76, the parking brake application control hydraulic chamber 54 and the parking brake release control hydraulic-chamber 69 by bypassing a hydraulic pressure control unit 87 which changes over the application or release of hydraulic pressure to the parking brake application control hydraulic chamber 54 and the parking brake release control hydraulic chamber 69.

Abstract: An anti-lock controller controls the brake fluid pressure of a wheel brake to a pressure decreasing mode where a normally-opened electromagnetic valve is closed while a normally-closed electromagnetic valve is opened, a holding mode where the normally-opened electromagnetic valve is closed and the normally-closed electromagnetic valve is closed, and a pressure increasing mode where the normally-opened electromagnetic valve is opened while the normally-closed electromagnetic valve is closed.

Abstract: An antilock brake control system for a vehicle including normally-opened solenoid valves, normally-closed solenoid valves, and diodes. Each of the normally-opened solenoid valves is switched over among a turned-on state in which a predetermined first electric current is permitted to flow through the coil, a turned-off state in which the supply of the electric current to the coil is topped, and a middle state in which a second electric current lower than the first electric current is permitted to flow. In addition, the system includes a switch that is maintained in an electrically disconnecting state during shifting of each of the normally-opened solenoid valves from the turned-on state to the middle state, until the shifting is completed.

Abstract: An anti-lock controller controls an anti-lock brake system so as to realize any of a pressure decreasing mode where a normally-opened electromagnetic valve is closed, while a normally-closed electromagnetic valve is opened, a holding mode where the normally-opened electromagnetic valve is closed and the normally-closed electromagnetic valve is closed, and a pressure increasing mode where the normally-opened electromagnetic valve is opened, while the normally-closed electromagnetic valve is closed. Then, in the holding mode, for example, in the event that a predetermined condition is established where the voltage of a power supply for a vehicle or the terminal voltage of the normally-opened electromagnetic valve is equal to or smaller than a set value which is determined in advance, a current value that is applied to the normally-opened electromagnetic valve is controlled so as to become smaller than a current value that is applied to the normally-opened electromagnetic valve in the pressure decreasing mode.

Abstract: An antilock brake control system for a vehicle includes normally-opened solenoid valves and normally-closed solenoid valves, and diodes each capable of exhibiting a function of slowly decreasing an electric current supplied to a coil of each of the normally-opened solenoid valves when the supply of the electric current to the coil has been cut off. Each of the normally-opened solenoid valves is controlled so that it is switched over among a turned-on state in which a predetermined first electric current is permitted to flow through the coil, a turned-off state in which the supply of the electric current to the coil is topped, and a middle state in which a second electric current lower than the first electric current is permitted to flow.

Abstract: An anti-lock control member controls so as to realize any of a pressure decreasing mode where a normally-opened electromagnetic valve is closed, while a normally-closed electromagnetic valve is opened, a holding mode where the normally-opened electromagnetic valve is closed and the normally-closed electromagnetic valve is closed, and a pressure increasing mode where the normally-opened electromagnetic valve is opened, while the normally-closed electromagnetic valve is closed. Then, in the holding mode, for example, in the event that a predetermined condition is established where the voltage of a power supply for a vehicle or the terminal voltage of the normally-opened electromagnetic valve is equal to or smaller than a set value which is determined in advance, a current value that is applied to the normally-opened electromagnetic valve is controlled so as to become smaller than a current value that is applied to the normally-opened electromagnetic valve in the pressure decreasing mode.

Abstract: An anti-lock control member controls the brake fluid pressure of a wheel brake to a pressure decreasing mode where a normally-opened electromagnetic valve is closed while a normally-closed electromagnetic valve is opened, a holding mode where the normally-opened electromagnetic valve is closed and the normally-closed electromagnetic valve is closed, and a pressure increasing mode where the normally-opened electromagnetic valve is opened while the normally-closed electromagnetic valve is closed.

Abstract: A process unit comprising a photoconductor unit and a developing unit supported pivotably via a support shaft. The photoconductor unit and the developing unit each have a pair of support side walls having support holes formed on the same axis. One pair of the support side walls define a pair of inner support side walls having an outside width smaller than the inside width of the other pair of the support side walls, while the other pair of the support side walls define a pair of outer support side walls. The pair of outer support side walls and the pair of inner support side walls are supported via the support shaft passing through the respective support holes. One end of the support shaft is supported by one of the outer support side walls via a bearing member detachably mounted in the support hole of the one of the outer support side walls.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of cleaning the outer circumferential surface of a drum by spraying a cleaning fluid thereon and a device for cleaning drums. The cleaning fluid is circulated and is cleaned with a filter during circulation. The drum is cleaned with a cleaning fluid passed through a primary filter having a porous structure at high pressure, after which the drum is cleaned with a cleaning fluid passed through a finishing filter having a fine porous structure. A device for cleaning drums switches a circulating passage for cleaning fluid so that the cleaning fluid can pass through the primary filter at high pressure to spray on the outer circumferential surface of the drum. Also, the device allows the cleaning fluid to pass through the finishing filter at low pressure to spray on the outer circumferential surface.