Abstract: An image-forming apparatus for forming image through the electric charging of a photosensitive material drum, exposure to light, developing and transfer, wherein a developing device also works to clean the toner remaining on the photosensitive material; an electric charge for effecting the electric charging has a scorotron charger located within .+-.45.degree. from a perpendicular downwardly drawn from the center of the photosensitive material drum, and has a hole on the side opposite to the opening for charging; and an electric field E.sub.1 between a wire and a grid in the scorotron charger is set to be stronger than an electric field E.sub.2 between the wire and a shield.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a photoreceptor, an electrically charging unit for evenly electrically charging the photoreceptor to a predetermined potential, a light exposure unit for exposing a surface portion of the evenly electrically charged photoreceptor to light so as to form an electrostatic latent image, a developing unit for causing toner to adhere to the photoreceptor surface portion exposed to light so as to develop the electrostatic latent image into a toner image, and a transferring unit to which a predetermined transferring voltage is applied for transferring the toner image to a sheet. Before the tip end of the toner image reaches the position opposite to the transferring unit but after the tip end of the sheet has reached the position opposite to the transferring unit, the application of the predetermined transferring voltage to the transferring unit is started.

Abstract: In a coating device, a nozzle is configured by combining a front block and at least one back block. A front block includes a portion which is projected toward the base member with respect to the back block, and a top face of the projected portion is processed into a curved face having a predetermined curvature radius. A top face of the back block, which is opposed to the base material, is processed into a flat face, and a plurality of discharging openings are provided therein for discharging a coating material therethrough. The base material first travels along the curved face of the front block. The base member then travels over the flat face of the back block substantially in parallel with the flat face, while the coating material is discharged through the discharging openings, thus forming a stripe-shaped coating film on the surface of the base material. A line width and a thickness of the thus formed stripe-shape coating film is controlled to stay at designed values and fluctuation thereof are eliminated.

Abstract: A process unit of an image forming machine, comprising a photoconductor unit including a photoconductor drum, and a developing unit for developing a latent electrostatic image formed on the photosensitive layer of the photoconductor drum to a toner image, the photoconductor unit and the developing unit being connected by a support shaft so as to be pivotable relative to each other; in which a pre-transfer guide plate for guiding a transfer sheet to be conveyed to a transfer zone is disposed on a photoconductor support means for supporting the photoconductor drum rotatably, and the rear surface of the pre-transfer guide plate is brought into contact with the support shaft or a development housing.

Abstract: An electric motor is provided with especially brushes of which rear ends are cut diagonally to form acute angles at the corner edges on the backward side of the rotating direction of the armature. The brushes are maintained securely in brush holders without vibration by first and second side walls of the brush holders according to component force of pressing force applied on the slant rear ends of the brushes by pressing members, therefore the objectionable noise caused by the "stick-slip" is prevented very effectively without introducing complicated structure in the motor.

Abstract: In a coating device, a nozzle is configured by combining a front block and at least one back block. A front block includes a portion which is projected toward the base member with respect to the back block, and a top face of the projected portion is processed into a curved face having a predetermined curvature radius. A top face of the back block, which is opposed to the base material, is processed into a flat face, and a plurality of discharging openings are provided therein for discharging a coating material therethrough. The base material first travels along the curved face of the front block. The base member then travels over the flat face of the back block substantially in parallel with the flat face, while the coating material is discharged through the discharging openings, thus forming a stripe-shaped coating film on the surface of the base material. A line width and a thickness of the thus formed stripe-shape coating film is controlled to stay at designed values and fluctuation thereof are eliminated.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing wood-cement board and an apparatus used in the method are provided in the present invention. The method of manufacturing wood-cement board comprising strewing a raw materials mixture of wood-cement board on a mold panel to form a mat, piling up a plural number of the mats with the mold panels, pre-pressing the piled mats to reduce the thickness of each mat, piling up a plural number of the pre-pressed mat, main-pressing the pre-pressed and piled mats and curing the piled mats being main-pressed and the apparatus used in the method consists of a piling up machine piling up a plural number of mats formed on a mold panel, a pre-press machine pre-pressing the piled mats to reduce the thickness of each mat, a main-piling up machine piling up a plural number of the pre-pressed mats, a main-pressing machine main-pressing the pre-pressed and piled mats, and a curing chamber curing the piled mats being main-pressed.

Abstract: An electrographic copying machine has a photoreceptor drum which moves so that a photosensitive layer on its surface is successively charged, exposed, developed and charge-removed. The photosensitive layer is made of an amorphous material. The drum surface is charged by a charger before a latent image is formed thereon through exposure. A voltage generator is provided which supplies the charger with a voltage to charge the drum surface. It takes time for the potential of the charged drum surface at the developing section to reach a predetermined potential from a potential higher than the predetermined potential due to a rise characteristic of the surface potential. A controller is provided which corrects an output voltage value of the voltage generator to a voltage value necessary for the drum surface to be charged at the predetermined potential in a predetermined number of charging operations performed until the surface potential reaches the predetermined potential.

Abstract: A cylindrical battery having a high utilization rate and a high discharge capacity rate is disclosed. It has an electrode group configured by rolling up two sheet electrodes of opposite polarity in spiral fashion interposing a separator therebetween, wherein one of the electrodes is provided with a porous metal substrate having a higher porosity layer and a lower porosity layer which has a considerably smaller thickness than that of the higher porosity layer, and an active material filled substantially in the spaces of the higher porosity layer of the porous metal substrate.

Abstract: In a copying processing performed several times from the depression of a copy button of a copying machine until the surface potential of the photoreceptor drum is stabilized, a voltage sufficiently high for correcting the rise characteristic of the photosensitive layer on the drum surface is applied to a charger. A main circuit having a controlling portion to realize this corrects the output voltage of the high-voltage generating circuit which applies a high voltage to the charger to a voltage value necessary for the drum surface to be charged at a stable potential level. The main circuit charges the drum surface at the stable potential level necessary for development from copying of the first sheet.

Abstract: More than 100,000 pieces of copy are obtained, in an electrophotographic process using an amorphous silicon photosensitive material, by maintaining the atmosphere for the photosensitive material and effecting the developing and polishing of the surface of the photosensitive material in a manner such that X, the degree of surface oxidation of the amorphous silicon photosensitive material (SiO/SiC), and Y, the amount of deposition of discharge products (mol/cm.sup.2), satisfy the relationships (1) and (2);0.4.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.25 (1)Y.ltoreq.2.2.times.10.sup.-9.exp(-2.0 x) (2)By this method, image flow is prevented without permitting the life of the photosensitive material to decrease, and an image can be stably formed for extended periods of time.

Abstract: An intermittent coating apparatus for intermittently coating a continuously running base member with a coating material includes a nozzle for discharging the coating material toward the base member and an absorption unit for controlling a flow of the coating material. The nozzle has a slit opened toward the base member and a manifold connected to the slit. The absorption unit includes a head having an inlet, an outlet, and a passage connecting the inlet and the outlet. The head is located in a housing. The absorption unit also includes a driving unit for sliding the head in the direction of a shaft located in the housing. By the sliding operation of the head, an absorption space is formed between an end face of the head and the manifold. In order to stop the coating operation, the supply of the coating material from an external supply opening to the inlet of the head is stopped by the sliding movement of the head.

Abstract: An electrical power supply system includes an electrical power source system connected to a bus bar and a plurality of electric power transmission systems each connected via circuit breakers to the bus bar. The supply system has overvoltage suppression equipments each installed between the transmission system and the ground. The overvoltage suppression equipment includes a switching device and an impedance connected to the switching device. The switching device in a sound transmission system is closed when the circuit breaker operates in other faulty transmission system, thereby an overvoltage being occurred on the sound system is effectively suppressed.

Abstract: A tape cassette for accommodating a reeled length of magnetic recording tape comprises a generally rectangular flattened box-like configuration. The cassette has top and bottom panels, front and rear wall and a pair of side walls. The front wall has a head access window and a pair of pinch roller access windows all defined therein. While a portion of the length of magnetic tape extends in the vicinity of and parallel to the front wall, tape cleaners are secured to front wall portions defined between the head access window and the pinch roller access windows so as to slidingly contact that portion of the length of magnetic recording tape as the latter is transported from one reel to the other reel. Each tape cleaner may be a fiber-intertwined cleaning member made of non-woven fabric or a fiber-tufted cleaning member made of crimped or curled fibers closely planted on a backing.

Abstract: A tape cassette has a shutter which can be opened and closed for accommodating a magnetic tape which records information such as music and reproduces recorded information. The shutter is made of thermoplastic resin and hardly generates abraded powders as a result of the sliding of the shutter in contact with the casing. The shutter has engaging portions in specific configurations so as to prevent the shutter from being dislocated from the casing.

Abstract: A sheet-shaped cleaner including a resilient film and nonwoven cloth consisting of synthetic fibers formed on one side of the film is disposed in opposition to a guide roller. A magnetic tape is sandwiched between the guide roller and the cleaner and with the magnetic surface of the magnetic tape being contacted by the nonwoven cloth of the cleaner. The film of the cleaner is wedged between locking portions of the cassette in order to cause the cleaner to bow in a direction away from the guide roller such that the nonwoven cloth of the cleaner is biased under a low force against the magnetic surface of the tape. Accordingly, foreign matter on the surface of the magnetic tape is removed.

Abstract: A tape cassette for accommodating a magnetic recording tape comprises a casing including first and second major walls opposite to each other and spaced a distance corresponding to the width of a length of magnetic tape, a pair of opposite end walls, and front and rear walls opposite to each other, all assembled together to render the casing as a whole to represent a generally rectangular box-like configuration. Art erroneous erasure preventing member is accommodated within a detection hole, defined in the rear wall, for selective movement between retracted and projected positions in a direction substantially perpendicular to the rear wall. The erasure preventing member has an outer surface which, when in the projected position, closes the detection hole while lying flush with an outer surface of the rear wall, indicating the condition in which the magnetic tape contained in the tape cassette is available for information recording or erasure.

Abstract: A coating apparatus is known in which a coating liquid is continuously delivered from the front-end slit of a die nozzle for application onto a base film which constantly runs without being supported from the back. The improvement is made in which the die nozzle has at the film loading side a front lip and at the film unloading side a rear lip provided at least with a convex surface, both of which being arranged in step relationship so that the slit side end of the front lip is set back from the path of the base film to locate lower than that of the rear lip. Thereby, a higher shear force will be exerted on the magnetic coating liquid temporarily trapped in a space defined by the running base film and the slit side end of the rear lip, thus allowing a smooth surfaced coating to be developed of a highly agglomerative coating material.

Abstract: A coating apparatus for magnetic recording mediums used as magnetic tapes and floppy disks, capable of forming two layers by simultaneous coating on a support continuously traveling. The apparatus includes a die having a first, second and third lip and a first and second slit. The surfaces of the lips at a downstream side of the slits are curved to have arcs in their cross-sectional shapes at their tips, wherein; when the edge of the second lip on the side of the first slit is represented by A, the edge of the second lip on the side of the second slit is represented by B, the edge of the third lip on the side of the second slit is represented by C, and the edge of the third lip on the reverse side of the second slit is represented by D, the angle formed by a tangent line X and B and a tangent line Y and C is represented by .theta., 0.ltoreq..theta..ltoreq.5.degree.; the length of an arc AB in the direction of support travel and the length of an arc CD in the direction of support travel are 3 mm.ltoreq.AB.