Abstract: A joint structure and a manufacturing method thereof are provided which can improve heat dissipation properties and which can inhibit damages. A joint structure includes: an insulating substrate and a heat dissipation substrate; a first silver particle layer that is joined to the insulating substrate and that includes a plurality of first silver nanoparticles which are joined; a second silver particle layer that is joined to the heat dissipation substrate and that includes a plurality of second silver nanoparticles which are joined; and a copper particle layer that interposes the first silver particle layer and the second silver particle layer, that is joined to the first silver particle layer and the second silver particle layer, and that includes a plurality of copper nanoparticles which are joined. A particle size of the copper nanoparticles is larger than particle size of both the first silver nanoparticles and the second silver nanoparticles.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus to be installed on a mobile object includes: a heat dissipator having a first outer surface and a second outer surface different from the first outer surface; a first light-emitting device thermally coupled to the first outer surface of the heat dissipator; a second light-emitting device thermally coupled to the second outer surface of the heat dissipator; a reflector that reflects light emitted from the first light-emitting device; a first lens that is disposed in a path of light reflected by the reflector and that transmits the light from the reflector along a predetermined lighting direction; and a second lens disposed in a path of light from the second light-emitting device.

Abstract: A light-emitting module is provided. The light-emitting module includes an insulating substrate. The insulating substrate includes a mounting surface, a rear surface, and a through hole that passes from the mounting surface to the rear surface. A light-emitting element is on the mounting surface. A thermal conductor is disposed in the through hole in contact with an inner wall of the insulating substrate defined by the through hole. The thermal conductor includes a mounting-side end face thermally connected to the light-emitting element, a rear-side end face, and a displacement suppressing portion that suppresses displacement of the thermal conductor in a direction from the rear surface to the mounting surface. thermal conductor. The rear-side end, in a cross-section parallel to the rear surface of the insulating surface, is larger in surface area than the mounting-side end, in a cross-section parallel to the mounting surface of the insulating substrate.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus to be installed on a mobile object includes: a heat dissipator having a first outer surface and a second outer surface different from the first outer surface; a first light-emitting device thermally coupled to the first outer surface of the heat dissipator; a second light-emitting device thermally coupled to the second outer surface of the heat dissipator; a reflector that reflects light emitted from the first light-emitting device; a first lens that is disposed in a path of light reflected by the reflector and that transmits the light from the reflector along a predetermined lighting direction; and a second lens disposed in a path of light from the second light-emitting device.

Abstract: A power supply device includes a DC power supply circuit configured to output DC power, and a ground-fault determining circuit configured to determine presence or absence of a ground fault at a post-stage of the DC power supply circuit. The ground-fault determining circuit includes a capacitor having an end that is connected with ground, and a diode including an anode and a cathode. The anode is connected with another end of the capacitor, and the cathode is connected with an output end on a high voltage side of the DC power supply circuit. The ground-fault determining circuit further includes a constant voltage source configured to charge the capacitor with a prescribed charging voltage, and a comparator as a determining portion configured to determine presence of the ground fault when a voltage across the capacitor falls below a prescribed determination reference voltage lower than the prescribed charging voltage.

Abstract: A lighting device includes: a circuit board placed on a base; and a transformer provided in the circuit board. The transformer includes: a winding pattern formed on the circuit board; and a core having an outer leg portion. The circuit board has an outer leg insertion portion through which the outer leg portion of the core is inserted, and the circuit board and the base have therebetween a gap which is air space. The base and at least a lateral face of the outer leg portion are bonded together by a first resin that is insertable from the outer leg insertion portion.

Abstract: Control unit decreases power to be supplied to high-pressure discharge lamp when an output voltage or an output current for high-pressure discharge lamp measured by measurement unit is in an abnormal range. Drive unit driving switching element includes capacitor that supplies, to a control electrode of switching element disposed on high potential side, electric charge necessary for turning on switching element disposed on high potential side when switching element disposed on low potential side is turned off. When high-pressure discharge lamp is started up, a discharge lamp lighting device starts to charge capacitor before DC/DC converter is started to operate, and control unit has a determination period for determining presence/absence of an abnormality based on a measured value acquired by measurement unit in a state in which DC/DC converter and DC/AC inverter are operated after completion of charging of capacitor.

Abstract: Control unit decreases power to be supplied to high-pressure discharge lamp when an output voltage or an output current for high-pressure discharge lamp measured by measurement unit is in an abnormal range. Drive unit driving switching element includes capacitor that supplies, to a control electrode of switching element disposed on high potential side, electric charge necessary for turning on switching element disposed on high potential side when switching element disposed on low potential side is turned off. When high-pressure discharge lamp is started up, a discharge lamp lighting device starts to charge capacitor before DC/DC converter is started to operate, and control unit has a determination period for determining presence/absence of an abnormality based on a measured value acquired by measurement unit in a state in which DC/DC converter and DC/AC inverter are operated after completion of charging of capacitor.

Abstract: A power supply device includes a DC power supply circuit configured to output DC power, and a ground-fault determining circuit configured to determine presence or absence of a ground fault at a post-stage of the DC power supply circuit. The ground-fault determining circuit includes a capacitor having an end that is connected with ground, and a diode including an anode and a cathode. The anode is connected with another end of the capacitor, and the cathode is connected with an output end on a high voltage side of the DC power supply circuit. The ground-fault determining circuit further includes a constant voltage source configured to charge the capacitor with a prescribed charging voltage, and a comparator as a determining portion configured to determine presence of the ground fault when a voltage across the capacitor falls below a prescribed determination reference voltage lower than the prescribed charging voltage.

Abstract: A lighting device includes: a circuit board placed on a base; and a transformer provided in the circuit board. The transformer includes: a winding pattern formed on the circuit board; and a core having an outer leg portion. The circuit board has an outer leg insertion portion through which the outer leg portion of the core is inserted, and the circuit board and the base have therebetween a gap which is air space. The base and at least a lateral face of the outer leg portion are bonded together by a first resin that is insertable from the outer leg insertion portion.