Abstract: A synthetic with an opening at the top and a concave spherical surface extending from the opening, where a ball head of a ball stud is fixed, has a circular concave step on the outer surface of the housing surround the opening. A metal ring is fixed on the circular step so that the strength of the opening of the synthetic resin housing in a radial inward direction is greatly increased to resist the pull-out load on the ball stud. Warping of the opening is thereby prevented.

Abstract: A ball-and-socket joint has a ball shell of basically spherical shape, a ball stud with a ball head integrally formed at an extremity thereof and disposed within the ball shell, and a rubber layer interposed between and joining the ball shell and the ball head. The outer surface area of the ball shell on the distal side, remote from a shank of the ball stud, of an equatorial plane passing through the center of the ball head perpendicularly to the ball stud axis is greater than the outer surface area of the remainder of the ball shell on the other, or proximal, side of the equatorial plane. The rubber layer is, therefore, made thicker at parts thereof calculated to withstand loads transmitted between the ball shell and the ball head.