Abstract: A composition for aqueous ink jet contains a specific dye which is one or more coloring materials selected from the group consisting of C. I. Acid Black 172 and C. I. Acid Black 194, and a specific aromatic compound which is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formulae (1) to (4) below. The content of the specific aromatic compound relative to 100 parts by mass of the specific dye is 0.2 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less.

Abstract: There is provided a technique that includes: performing a set a plurality of times, the set including: (a) loading at least one substrate into a process container; (b) performing a process of forming a nitride film on the at least one substrate by supplying a film-forming gas to the at least one substrate supported by a support in the process container; (c) unloading the processed at least one substrate from an interior of the process container; and (d) supplying an oxidizing gas into the process container from which the processed at least one substrate has been unloaded so as to oxidize one part of the nitride film formed inside the process container in (b) into an oxide film and maintain another part of the nitride film, which is different from the one part of the nitride film, as it is without oxidizing the another part.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder in which an air-fuel mixture of gaseous fuel and intake air is combusted, an intake passage connected to the cylinder, and a supercharger for supercharging the intake air, in a case where backfire is generated in a set period before supercharging is performed by the supercharger, supercharging is performed at a smaller supercharging pressure than in a case where backfire is not generated in the set period.

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder in which an air-fuel mixture of gaseous fuel and intake air is combusted, an intake passage connected to the cylinder, and a supercharger for supercharging the intake air, in a case where backfire is generated in a set period before supercharging is performed by the supercharger, supercharging is performed at a smaller supercharging pressure than in a case where backfire is not generated in the set period.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes a discharge part including a nozzle configured to discharge a processing liquid onto a substrate; a liquid feeder configured to feed the processing liquid to the discharge part; a replenishment part configured to replenish the liquid feeder with the processing liquid to be fed to the discharge part; a connector including a switching valve configured to open/close a flow path between the replenishment part and the liquid feeder; a filter configured to remove foreign matters contained in the processing liquid; a replenishment preparation part configured to open the switching valve after reducing a pressure difference between the inside of the replenishment part and the liquid feeder; and a replenishment controller configured to start replenishment of the processing liquid from the replenishment part to the liquid feeder in a state in which the switching valve is opened by the replenishment preparation part.

Abstract: Image data is provided which has image conversion parameters recorded in an image format in an unphotographed area of an annular image, the annular image being shot by an omnidirectional camera. Thus the image conversion parameters are stored or transmitted along with the annular image in the same format.

Abstract: Method for producing a sputtering target with a lowered oxygen content by providing an alloy selected from the group consisting of NiFe, CoCrPt, CoCrPtB, CoPt, PtMn, FeAlSi, FeCo, and FeMn; adding an oxygen scavenger element to the molten alloy selected from the group consisting of Group 4A, 3B and 4B elements; melting the alloy and the oxygen scavenger; reacting the oxygen scavenger element with oxygen in the melt to reduce the oxygen content of the alloy to a level of not more than 50 ppm and achieving a residual oxygen scavenger element content of not more than 100 ppm.

Abstract: A sputtering target with a lowered oxygen content is provided which can prevent a deterioration in properties of a magnetic film caused by unavoidably included oxygen present in an alloy material system. The sputtering target contains an oxygen scavenger comprising an element capable of reducing metal components constituting the sputtering target, the lowered oxygen content of the sputtering target having been achieved by the oxygen scavenger.

Abstract: The method of making the metal fiber sintered body includes making a coiled material by coiling a thin sheet of Fe--Cr--Al--La, Fe--Cr--Al--Y or Fe--Cr--Al--Ce stainless steel; making a tow of Fe--Cr--Al--La, Fe--Cr--Al--Y or Fe--Cr--Al--Ce continuous fibers by lathe turning an end face of the coiled material at a tool feed speed of from 5 to 40 .mu.m/rev; extending the tow in a width direction and cutting the tow with a roller type cutting assembly to form Fe--Cr--Al--La, Fe--Cr--Al--Y or Fe--Cr--Al--Ce stainless steel fibers having a fiber length of 20 to 200 mm; feeding the Fe--Cr--Al--La, Fe--Cr--Al--Y or Fe--Cr--Al--Ce stainless steel fibers having the fiber length of 20 to 200 mm to a conveyor; dropping the stainless steel fibers onto the conveyor and dispersing the stainless steel fibers by making an air current act on the stainless steel fibers; transporting the resulting sheet-shaped accumulation on the conveyor and compressing it to form a web and sintering the web.

Abstract: A filter is provided for treating carbon-based particles in exhaust gas discharged from a diesel internal combustion engine, etc., said filter providing in addition to a high throughput capacity, excellent durability, and good economic and maintenance properties, and a device for treating carbon-based particles in exhaust gas having a high throughput capacity, the regeneration of which is easy. This filter is obtained by cutting an end face of a coiled material that is obtained by winding a sheet of a high-temperature resistant stainless steel having resistance heat-generating properties to produce fibers, gathering the thus-produced fibers to form a web, sintering the web, heat-treating the sintered web to form an alumina film on the surface of the sintered fibers, and optionally supporting a catalyst on the alumina film.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for preparing a porous ceramic product. By this process, a mixture of metal grains, ceramic grains, and short glass fibers is molded by a slurry casting method and dried and then sintered by heating in an oxidizing or nitriding gaseous atmosphere.