Abstract: A vehicle network system employing a controller area network protocol includes a bus, a first electronic control unit, and a second electronic control unit. The first electronic control unit transmits, via the bus, at least one data frame including an identifier relating to data used for a calculation for obtaining a message authentication code indicating authenticity of transmission content. The second electronic control unit receives the at least one data frame transmitted vis the bus and verifies the message authentication code in accordance with the identifier included in the at least one data frame.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing body comprising a packaging bag formed from one or more substrates each comprising a resin layer, and a deliquescent fire extinguishing agent sealed in the packaging bag, the packaging bag having a sealing part at its peripheral edge, and the adhesion strength between the substrates in the sealing part being 5 N/15 mm or more.

Abstract: An electronic control unit is connected to a network in an in-vehicle network system. The electronic control unit includes a first control circuit and a second control circuit. The first control circuit is connected to the network via the second control circuit. The second control circuit performs a first determination process on a frame to determine conformity of the frame with a first rule. Upon determining that the frame conforms to the first rule, the second control circuit transmits the frame to the first control circuit. The first control circuit performs a second determination process on the frame to determine conformity of the frame with a second rule. The second rule is different from the first rule.

Abstract: An information processing device includes a processor configured to: acquire renewable power generation information from a renewable energy power generation server; acquire at least one of hydrogen power generation information from a hydrogen power generation server and fuel cell information; acquire grid power generation information from a grid power generation server; acquire electric power information from each of a plurality of consumer facilities in a predetermined area, the electric power information being regarding an amount of electric power consumed by the consumer facility; and generate proposal information including information on a type of electric power supplied to a predetermined consumer facility based on at least one of the renewable power generation information, the hydrogen power generation information, and the fuel cell information, the grid power generation information, and a plurality of pieces of the electric power information, and output the proposal information to the predetermined con

Abstract: A second unit includes a restricted portion that comes into contact with a restricting portion provided to a body of an apparatus, the restricted portion coming into contact with the restricting portion, in order to restrict the movement of a developer carrier in a direction to make contact with an image carrier, when a developing cartridge has not reached a predetermined attachment position, and not coming into contact with the restricting portion when the developing cartridge is in the predetermined attachment position.

Abstract: A cartridge includes a casing including a toner storage chamber storing toner and a toner discharge chamber having an outlet, a conveyance member conveying the toner from the toner storage chamber to the toner discharge chamber, an action member attached to the conveyance member and repeating an action of shifting between an entering state of entering the outlet and a retraction state of retracting from the outlet, and a pump expanding and contracting to be shifted between a first state and a second state in which the internal space is smaller in volume than in the first state, the pump putting air into the toner discharge chamber by being shifted from the first state to the second state, thereby discharging the toner from the toner discharge chamber through the outlet, and the pump taking in air by being shifted from the second state to the first state.

Abstract: A developing device includes a stirring member including a flexible sheet member having a first sheet portion and a second sheet portion overlapping each other with respect to a thickness direction of the sheet member. With respect to a lateral direction of the sheet member which is a direction from a fixed end fixed to a rotating shaft portion to the free end, a length of the first sheet portion is longer than a length of the second sheet portion, and when the stirring member is rotated, a free end of the first sheet portion is capable of contacting an inner wall surface of a toner accommodation chamber. The sheet member is provided with a through hole penetrating in a thickness direction of the sheet member in a region where the first sheet portion and the second sheet portion overlap each other.

Abstract: A light-emitting module includes a light source part, a light-transmitting member including a first light-transmitting part and a second light-transmitting part, the second light-transmitting part is positioned at an upper side of the light source part and the first light-transmitting part, and a light-adjusting member located at an upper side of the light source part, the first light-transmitting part, and the second light-transmitting part, wherein the first light-transmitting part contacts a lateral surface of the light source part, the light-adjusting member includes a through-hole positioned away from the light source part in a plan view, the light-transmitting member includes a recess communicating with the through-hole, and at least a portion of the recess is positioned lower than a lower surface of the light-adjusting member.

Abstract: A toner cartridge includes a toner accommodation chamber containing toner, a toner discharging chamber having a discharge opening for discharging the toner, and a passage for fluid communication between the toner accommodation chamber and the toner discharging chamber. The toner cartridge also includes a screw, with at least a part of the screw being positioned in the passage. In a first cross-sectional plane perpendicular to a toner feeding direction of the screw, a minimum cross-sectional area of the passage is Asmin, and in a second cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the toner feeding direction, the toner accommodation chamber has a cross-sectional area Cs that is larger than Asmin.

Abstract: A key management method serves as an electronic control unit (ECU) in an onboard network system having a plurality of ECUs that perform communication by frames via a network. The method includes storing, in a first-type ECU, a shared key to be mutually shared with second-type ECUs, and executing encryption processing regarding a framed transmitted or received via the network, based on the shared key. The method further includes executing, by the first-type ECU, inspection of a security state of the shared key stored by the second type ECUs in a case where a vehicle is in at least one of the following particular states, including immediately after the vehicle is not driving and is entering the accessory-on state, immediately after the vehicle is not driving and the vehicle is entering the accessory-off state, and immediately after the vehicle engine is started.

Abstract: Disclosed is a developing apparatus including: a developer bearing member that bears a developer; a developing frame body that rotatably supports the developer bearing member; a one-end side end member that supports one-end side in an axis direction of the developer bearing member of the developing frame body; and another-end side end member that supports the other-end side in the axis direction of the developer bearing member of the developing frame body. Each of the one-end side end member and the other-end side end member is independently movable with respect to the developing frame body.

Abstract: A second unit includes a restricted portion that comes into contact with a restricting portion provided to a body of an apparatus, the restricted portion coming into contact with the restricting portion, in order to restrict the movement of a developer carrier in a direction to make contact with an image carrier, when a developing cartridge has not reached a predetermined attachment position, and not coming into contact with the restricting portion when the developing cartridge is in the predetermined attachment position.

Abstract: A key management method serves as an electronic control unit (ECU) in an onboard network system having a plurality of ECUs that perform communication by frames via a network. The method includes storing, in a first-type ECU, a shared key to be mutually shared with second-type ECUs, and executing encryption processing regarding a framed transmitted or received via the network, based on the shared key. The method further includes executing, by the first-type ECU, inspection of a security state of the shared key stored by the second type ECUs in a case where a vehicle is in at least one of the following particular states, including immediately after the vehicle is not driving and is entering the accessory-on state, immediately after the vehicle is not driving and the vehicle is entering the accessory-off state, and immediately after the vehicle engine is started.

Abstract: A second unit includes a restricted portion that comes into contact with a restricting portion provided to a body of an apparatus, the restricted portion coming into contact with the restricting portion, in order to restrict the movement of a developer carrier in a direction to make contact with an image carrier, when a developing cartridge has not reached a predetermined attachment position, and not coming into contact with the restricting portion when the developing cartridge is in the predetermined attachment position.

Abstract: A key management method serves as an electronic control unit (ECU) in an onboard network system having a plurality of ECUs that perform communication by frames via a network. The method includes storing a shared key and executing encryption processing based on the shared key. The method further includes executing inspection of a security state of the shared key stored in a case where a vehicle is in at least one of the following particular states: the vehicle is not driving and is an accessory-on state; a fuel cap of the vehicle is open, and the vehicle is not driving and is fueling; the vehicle is parked, which is indicated by the gearshift; the vehicle is in a stopped state before driving, which is indicated by the gearshift; and a charging plug is connected to the vehicle, and the vehicle is electrically charging.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a photosensitive member, a developing cartridge that has a developing member, a developing frame, an end member attached to the developing frame, and a restricting portion restricting a swing movement of the end member, and an apparatus body to which the developing cartridge is attachable. The apparatus body includes a movement unit moving the developing cartridge from a first position to a second position, a positioning portion engaging with the end member when the developing cartridge is located at the second position, and a restriction releasing portion acting on the restricting portion with a movement of the developing cartridge from the first position to the second position and releasing restriction of the swing movement of the end member, the restriction releasing portion being provided at a part of the apparatus main body excluding the movement unit.

Abstract: An abnormality detection apparatus for a mobility entity and for detecting an abnormality in a network system is provided. The network system includes a first network and a second network that use different communication protocols. A first communication circuit receives state information indicating a state of the mobility entity. The state information is acquired from the second network. A second communication circuit transmits and receives a first frame according to a communication protocol used in the first network. A memory stores an abnormality detection rule. A processor detects, based on the state information and the abnormality detection rule, whether a control command included in the first frame received by the second communication circuit is abnormal. In a case where the control command is abnormal, the processor prohibits the control command from being transmitted.

Abstract: A cartridge includes a casing including a toner storage chamber storing toner and a toner discharge chamber having an outlet, a conveyance member conveying the toner from the toner storage chamber to the toner discharge chamber, an action member attached to the conveyance member and repeating an action of shifting between an entering state of entering the outlet and a retraction state of retracting from the outlet, and a pump expanding and contracting to be shifted between a first state and a second state in which the internal space is smaller in volume than in the first state, the pump putting air into the toner discharge chamber by being shifted from the first state to the second state, thereby discharging the toner from the toner discharge chamber through the outlet, and the pump taking in air by being shifted from the second state to the first state.

Abstract: A cartridge includes a casing including a toner storage chamber storing toner and a toner discharge chamber having an outlet, a conveyance member conveying the toner from the toner storage chamber to the toner discharge chamber, an action member attached to the conveyance member and repeating an action of shifting between an entering state of entering the outlet and a retraction state of retracting from the outlet, and a pump expanding and contracting to be shifted between a first state and a second state in which the internal space is smaller in volume than in the first state, the pump putting air into the toner discharge chamber by being shifted from the first state to the second state, thereby discharging the toner from the toner discharge chamber through the outlet, and the pump taking in air by being shifted from the second state to the first state.

Abstract: Disclosed is a developing apparatus including: a developer bearing member that bears a developer; a developing frame body that rotatably supports the developer bearing member; a one-end side end member that supports one-end side in an axis direction of the developer bearing member of the developing frame body; and another-end side end member that supports the other-end side in the axis direction of the developer bearing member of the developing frame body. Each of the one-end side end member and the other-end side end member is independently movable with respect to the developing frame body.