Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for identifying a target during an endoscopic procedure are disclosed. An endoscopic target identification system includes an endoscope having an endoscopic illumination source, an optical fiber insertable through a working channel of the endoscope and coupled to a non-endoscopic illumination source different from the endoscopic illumination source, and a controller. The controller can send a control signal to the non-endoscopic illumination source to emit a diagnostic beam through the optical fiber when the at least one endoscopic illumination source changes from a first mode to a second mode. The second mode has a lower amount of illumination than the first mode. The controller can determine a composition of a target based on the diagnostic beam incident on the target and light from the diagnostic beam being reflected from the target.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for delivering laser energy directed toward target tissue using a spectroscopic feedback. An exemplary laser feedback control system comprises a feedback analyzer to receive a signal from a target tissue using a spectroscopic sensor, and a laser controller to determine whether the received signal generally equals a first preset. If the received signal meets the first preset, the laser controller can send a control signal to a laser system to change from a first state to a second state of the first laser system. The laser system can deliver laser energy via an optical fiber towards the target tissue.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for delivering laser energy directed toward target tissue using a spectroscopic feedback. An exemplary laser feedback control system comprises a feedback analyzer to receive a signal from a target tissue using a spectroscopic sensor, and a laser controller to determine whether the received signal generally equals a first preset. If the received signal meets the first preset, the laser controller can send a control signal to a laser system to change from a first state to a second state of the first laser system. The laser system can deliver laser energy via an optical fiber towards the target tissue.

Abstract: The medical system includes a basket treatment tool a processor. The processor determines, one or more of: a first determination, based on a transmissive image including the biliary duct, of whether a size of a gallstone allows the basket treatment tool to remove the gallstone from the papillary orifice, or a second determination, based on a resistance when the basket treatment tool is pulled, of whether the resistance allows the basket treatment tool to remove the gallstone from the papillary orifice; and controls the basket treatment tool to remove the gallstone from the papillary orifice when one or more of the first determination or the second determination determines that the gallstone is removable from the papillary orifice.

Abstract: A controller: performing one or more iterations of a first process, the first process including: selecting at least one variable operating parameter of a laser light source of a lithotripsy device; determining a value of each of a plurality of base settings of the at least one variable operating parameter selected; and performing, in order, for the each of the plurality of base settings: setting the at least one variable operating parameter selected to the value of the each of the plurality of base settings; and controlling the laser light source to output laser light based on the value of the each of the plurality of base settings set; selecting one of the plurality of base settings; and performing one or more iterations of a second process, the second process including controlling the laser light source based on the one of the plurality of base settings selected.

Abstract: A medical laser apparatus, including: an energy guide; a first energy source configured to generate energy for treating a target tissue through the energy guide; a second energy source configured to emit first and second aiming beams to a target tissue through the energy guide, the second aiming beam having at least one characteristic different from the first aiming beam; and a controller comprising hardware, the controller being configured to: receive a signal indicating an illumination mode from at least two illumination modes used by an endoscope to illuminate the target tissue; and control the second energy source to output the first or second aiming beam based on the indicated illumination mode.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for identifying a target during an endoscopic procedure are disclosed. An endoscopic target identification system includes an endoscope having an endoscopic illumination source, an optical fiber insertable through a working channel of the endoscope and coupled to a non-endoscopic illumination source different from the endoscopic illumination source, and a controller. The controller can send a control signal to the non-endoscopic illumination source to emit a diagnostic beam through the optical fiber when the at least one endoscopic illumination source changes from a first mode to a second mode. The second mode has a lower amount of illumination than the first mode. The controller can determine a composition of a target based on the diagnostic beam incident on the target and light from the diagnostic beam being reflected from the target.

Abstract: A lithotripsy or other medical laser treatment system can include a lateral actuator to laterally displace a distal portion of a laser fiber, such as can be scanned or otherwise controlled to generate a spatial or spatiotemporal sub-targeting pattern without requiring laterally moving an endoscope carrying the laser fiber in a longitudinal passage such as a working channel. A targeted stone can be selectively weakened along the pattern, such as using lower energy pulses, before being fragmented, such as by a higher energy shock pulse.

Abstract: A image file creation method includes: an image pickup step of picking up an image of a living body; a treatment detection step of detecting a treatment related to the living body; and an image file creation step of creating, according to a result of the detection in the treatment detection step, an image file, for image data obtained in the image pickup step, with specimen information including information indicating that the image is an image relating to specimen collection by the treatment related to the living body, to record data of, e.g., an image of a tissue such as a cell itself and data of, e.g., an image related to the tissue such as the cell, a treatment and/or collection, enabling a plurality of institutions, facilities, etc., to easily refer to information on the tissue such as the cell.

Abstract: A image file creation method includes: an image pickup step of picking up an image of a living body; a treatment detection step of detecting a treatment related to the living body; and an image file creation step of creating, according to a result of the detection in the treatment detection step, an image file, for image data obtained in the image pickup step, with specimen information including information indicating that the image is an image relating to specimen collection by the treatment related to the living body, to record data of, e.g., an image of a tissue such as a cell itself and data of, e.g., an image related to the tissue such as the cell, a treatment and/or collection, enabling a plurality of institutions, facilities, etc., to easily refer to information on the tissue such as the cell.