Abstract: The problem is to provide a porous membrane with a reduced phenomenon in which membranes firmly adhere to one another during production of the porous membrane (membrane adhesion). The problem is solved by a porous membrane comprising a hydrophobic polymer and a hydrophilic polymer, wherein an average value T of ratios of the number of counts of ions derived from the hydrophilic polymer to the number of counts of ions derived from the hydrophobic polymer is 1.0 or more when a surface of the porous membrane is measured by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS).

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a porous membrane by which a useful component can be recovered while suppressing the clogging during filtration of a protein solution and from which only a small amount of an eluate is eluted even when an aqueous solution is filtered. The present invention provides a porous membrane containing a hydrophobic polymer and a water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer, the porous membrane having a dense layer in the downstream portion of filtration in the membrane, having a gradient asymmetric structure in which the average pore diameter of fine pores increases from the downstream portion of filtration toward the upstream portion of filtration, and having a gradient index of the average pore diameter from the dense layer to the coarse layer of 0.5 to 12.0.

Abstract: A porous membrane containing a hydrophobic polymer and a water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer, the porous membrane having a dense layer in the downstream portion of filtration in the membrane, having a gradient asymmetric structure in which the average pore diameter of fine pores increases from the downstream portion of filtration toward the upstream portion of filtration, and having a gradient index of the average pore diameter from the dense layer to the coarse layer of 0.5 to 12.0.

Abstract: The present invention provides a porous hollow fiber membrane including a polysulfone-based polymer and a hydrophilic polymer, and having a dense layer in a section from an outer surface portion to a center region of a membrane thickness, a thickness of the dense layer being 10 to 30 ?m, and a ratio of a pore having a pore size of more than 50 nm and a ratio of a pore having a pore size of 10 nm or smaller in the dense layer being 25 to 40% and 20% or less, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a porous hollow fiber filtration membrane comprising a polysulfone-based polymer and hydrophilic polymer, the porous hollow fiber filtration membrane including a gradient asymmetric structure in which the average pore diameter of fine pores increases from the outer surface toward the inner surface, a content of the hydrophilic polymer in the membrane is 6.0 to 12.0% by mass, and a ratio of the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the outer surface to the content of the hydrophilic polymer in the membrane is 1.20 to 1.60.

Abstract: A hollow fiber filtration membrane in which even when a relatively small contaminant having a size close to that of a permeation effective component is present in a filtration solution, Flux decrease over time during filtration is suppressed, and a useful component can be efficiently recovered, the hollow fiber filtration membrane including a polysulfone-based polymer and a hydrophilic polymer and having a large number of pores, the hollow fiber filtration membrane having a gradient asymmetric porous structure in which an average pore diameter of the pores increases from an outer surface portion toward an inner surface portion of the membrane, a content of the hydrophilic polymer of the membrane being from 6.0 to 10.0% by mass, a ratio between a content of the hydrophilic polymer at the inner surface portion and the content of the hydrophilic polymer of the membrane being in the range of from 0.50 to 0.80.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a porous membrane by which a useful component can be recovered while suppressing the clogging during filtration of a protein solution and from which only a small amount of an eluate is eluted even when an aqueous solution is filtered. The present invention provides a porous membrane containing a hydrophobic polymer and a water-insoluble hydrophilic polymer, the porous membrane having a dense layer in the downstream portion of filtration in the membrane, having a gradient asymmetric structure in which the average pore diameter of fine pores increases from the downstream portion of filtration toward the upstream portion of filtration, and having a gradient index of the average pore diameter from the dense layer to the coarse layer of 0.5 to 12.0.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for removing even small viruses from a high concentration monoclonal antibody solution using a membrane, and thus for recovering the antibody within a short time at high yield in the form of a filtrate. The present invention provides a method for producing a preparation containing a monoclonal antibody, which comprises a step of removing viruses by filtering viruses in a monoclonal antibody solution using a virus-removing membrane, wherein (1) the monomer content of the monoclonal antibody accounts for 90% or more; (2) the monoclonal antibody concentration in the monoclonal antibody solution ranges from 20 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml; (3) the monoclonal antibody solution contains at least a basic amino acid; and (4) the parvovirus removal rate of the virus-removing membrane satisfies the following conditions: LRV (Log Reduction Value: logarithmic reduction value)?4.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for removing even small viruses from a high concentration monoclonal antibody solution using a membrane, and thus for recovering the antibody within a short time at high yield in the form of a filtrate. The present invention provides a method for producing a preparation containing a monoclonal antibody, which comprises a step of removing viruses by filtering viruses in a monoclonal antibody solution using a virus-removing membrane, wherein (1) the monomer content of the monoclonal antibody accounts for 90% or more; (2) the monoclonal antibody concentration in the monoclonal antibody solution ranges from 20 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml; (3) the monoclonal antibody solution contains at least a basic amino acid; and (4) the parvovirus removal rate of the virus-removing membrane satisfies the following conditions: LRV (Log Reduction Value: logarithmic reduction value) ?4.

Abstract: A niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein comprising a cationized metalloporphyrin complex and a niosome-forming substance. The niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein has an SOD activity, can interact with superoxide anionic radicals (O2?.) as a target, and can reduce these radicals without fail. The niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein can reach cells in living bodies such as cancer cells due to properties of a niosome. Therefore, the niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein can exhibit an excellent effect of treating cancer by reducing O2?. in cancer cells. In addition, since the effect is selective, the niosome can be used as a novel anticancer agent without side effects. Moreover, the niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein can be retained in the blood while exhibiting a superior antioxidation effect. The niosome can thus protect living bodies from hindrance brought about by active oxygen species.

Abstract: A niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein comprising a cationized metalloporphyrin complex and a niosome-forming substance. The niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein has an SOD activity, can interact with superoxide anionic radicals (O2?.) as a target, and can reduce these radicals without fail. The niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein can reach cells in living bodies such as cancer cells due to properties of a niosome. Therefore, the niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein can exhibit an excellent effect of treating cancer by reducing O2-. in cancer cells. In addition, since the effect is selective, the niosome can be used as a novel anticancer agent without side effects. Moreover, the niosome having a metalloporphyrin complex embedded therein can be retained in the blood while exhibiting a superior antioxidation effect. The niosome can thus protect living bodies from hindrance brought about by active oxygen species.