Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing high-quality drinks filled in containers, which is characterized in that containers are made to have a nitrogen gas atmosphere to be in a substantially deoxidated condition prior to being filled with drinks. According to the method of the present invention, the inside of empty containers is made in a substantially oxygen-free condition, and drinks as prepared in the presence of an inert gas or in a deoxidated condition are filled into the containers. Therefore, all steps constituting the method, including the step of preparing raw materials through the step of filling and sealing drinks in containers, can be conducted all the way in a deoxidated condition to give high-quality drinks filled in containers.

Abstract: A low-temperature Raman laser apparatus that avoids an increase in the pump light power, which would otherwise be needed under room temperature conditions, and eliminates the problems of instability of the equipment and complicatedness of the operation under liquid nitrogen cooling conditions and also lowers the cost, which has heretofore been high due to the consumption of liquid nitrogen, and that is capable of stably and efficiently effecting Raman conversion. The low-temperature Raman laser apparatus has a Raman cell (1) filled with a Raman conversion medium to convert the wavelength of incident pump light by the Raman conversion action of the Raman conversion medium. A heat absorbing member (2) or (3), through which a brine cooled by a brine refrigerator (4) circulates, is provided around the Raman cell (1) to cool the Raman conversion medium to a temperature in the range of from 200.degree. K. to 300.degree. K.

Abstract: In order to enable an expansion of a packet switched network and a constitution change thereof to be readily achieved in a multistage switched network constitution, in a packet switched network including a packet data terminal, a packet switching equipment, a PBX, a multiplexer, an LAN, a voice communication apparatus such as a telephone set, and a facsimile or in a linkage between switching modules in a packet switching apparatus, the basic switching modules called configuration units connected to the network are interconnected to each other to form a hierarchic tree structure of which the number of hierarchic levels can be selected depending on a size of the packet switched network. Furthermore, in order to increase the reliability of the packet data transfer in the multi-stage switched network configuration, there are disposed a plurality of connecting lines between bit switches and upper-level configuration units so as to establish a redundant configuration.