Abstract: A resist film (102) made of a chemically amplified resist material including a polymer containing an acid leaving group and a group in which a lactone is replaced with hydrogen in an OH group of phenol is formed on a substrate (101). The resist film (102) is then selectively irradiated with exposure light, thereby performing pattern exposure. After the pattern exposure, the resist film (102) is heated, and then developed, thereby forming a resist pattern (102a) out of the resist film (102).

Abstract: A resist film of a positive type containing a photoacid generator is formed on a substrate. Then, pattern exposure is performed by selectively irradiating the resist film with exposure light. Thereafter, first heating is performed on the resist film subjected to the pattern exposure. After the heating, first development is performed on the resist film, thereby forming a first resist pattern. Subsequently, the first resist pattern is exposed to a solution containing a thermal acid generator and containing neither polymer nor a cross-linking agent. After the exposure, second heating is performed on the first resist pattern. Second development is then performed on the first resist pattern, thereby forming a second resist pattern made of the first resist pattern having a reduced size.

Abstract: A first resist film is formed on a substrate, and first pattern exposure is performed such that the first resist film is irradiated with exposure light through a first mask. Then, the first resist film is developed, thereby forming a first resist pattern out of the first resist film. Subsequently, a nano-carbon material is attached to the surface of the first resist pattern, and then a second resist film is formed on the substrate including the first resist pattern. Thereafter, second pattern exposure is performed such that the second resist film is irradiated with exposure light through a second mask. Then, the second resist film is developed, thereby forming a second resist pattern out of the second resist film.

Abstract: A block copolymer film is formed on a substrate. Then, the block copolymer film is annealed in an inert-gas atmosphere, for example, in a neon atmosphere. This places the outside (mainly the upper portion) of the block copolymer film in a nonpolar state, thereby strongly drawing, for example, a monomer unit having hydrophobic characteristics outside the block copolymer film to accelerate self-assembly. This results in an improvement in throughput in self-assembled pattern formation of the block copolymer film.

Abstract: First, a resist film is formed on a substrate from a resist material including cyclic oligomer which does not contain any acid-labile group, is soluble in alkali, and is a trimer or a higher multimer; a molecular compound containing an acid-labile group; a photoacid generator; and no polymer. Then, pattern exposure is performed by selectively irradiating the formed resist film with exposure light of extreme ultraviolet. The resist film after the pattern exposure is heated, and then, the heated resist film is developed to form a resist pattern from the resist film.

Abstract: Initially, on a substrate, a resist film is formed from a resist material including a monomer containing a halogen atom (fluorine) and stable to acid, a polymer containing fluorine and stable to acid, a polymer containing an acid-labile group, and a photo acid generator. Next, while liquid is provided on the resist film, pattern exposure is performed by selectively irradiating the resist film with exposing light. Next, the resist film after the pattern exposure is developed to form a resist pattern from the resist film.

Abstract: A resist film of a positive type containing a photoacid generator is formed on a substrate. Then, pattern exposure is performed by selectively irradiating the resist film with exposure light. Thereafter, first heating is performed on the resist film subjected to the pattern exposure. After the heating, first development is performed on the resist film, thereby forming a first resist pattern. Subsequently, the first resist pattern is exposed to a solution containing a thermal acid generator and containing neither polymer nor a cross-linking agent. After the exposure, second heating is performed on the first resist pattern. Second development is then performed on the first resist pattern, thereby forming a second resist pattern made of the first resist pattern having a reduced size.

Abstract: A first resist film is formed on a substrate, and first pattern exposure is performed such that the first resist film is irradiated with exposure light through a first mask. Then, the first resist film is developed, thereby forming a first resist pattern out of the first resist film. Subsequently, a nano-carbon material is attached to the surface of the first resist pattern, and then a second resist film is formed on the substrate including the first resist pattern. Thereafter, second pattern exposure is performed such that the second resist film is irradiated with exposure light through a second mask. Then, the second resist film is developed, thereby forming a second resist pattern out of the second resist film.

Abstract: A resist film made of a chemically amplified positive resist is formed on a substrate. On the resist film, a light absorbing film containing a fluoropolymer which is alkali-soluble and has an aromatic ring is formed. Thereafter, first pattern exposure is performed by irradiating the resist film through the light absorbing film with first exposure light containing extreme ultraviolet light having passed through a first mask. Thereafter, second pattern exposure is performed by irradiating the resist film through the light absorbing film with exposure light having passed through a second mask. After the substrate is heated, the resist film is developed to remove the light absorbing film and form a resist pattern made of the resist film. An opening portion of the second mask is formed in a region corresponding to a non-opening portion of the first mask in which an opening portion is not formed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a polymer having linear --Si--O--Si-- bonds and --Si--Si--Si-- bonds, or polysilane bonds that are greater than trisilane bonds, sensitive to far ultraviolet rays. The polymer is prepared by polymerizing a dichlorosiloxane alone or with at least one dichlorosilane in an inert solvent in the presence of sodium. The polymer undergoes oxidation with oxygen plasma to form SiO.sub.2 resistant to oxygen dry etching, exhibits absorption peaks only in far ultraviolet, and is suitable for preparing a single layered resist or an upper resist of a two-layered system.

Abstract: A polymer having linear --Si--O--Si-- bonds and --Si--Si--Si-- bonds, or polysilane bonds more than trisilane bonds, sensitive to far ultraviolet rays. The light-sensitive polymer can be prepared by copolymerizing a dichlorodisiloxane and a dichlorosilane in an inert solvent in the presence of sodium. The polymer undergoes oxidation with oxygen plasma to form SiO.sub.2 resistant to oxygen dry etching, exhibits absorption peaks only in far ultraviolet and is suitable for preparing a single layered resist or an upper resist of a two layered resist system.