Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a fuel cell separator having a low contact resistance due to a tin oxide film and having an excellent corrosion resistance. An embodiment is a method for manufacturing a fuel cell separator including a stainless steel substrate. The method includes forming the tin oxide film on a surface of the stainless steel substrate; and attaching phosphoric acid or phosphate to at least a defective portion in the tin oxide film.

Abstract: It is intended to recognize the state of charge or depth of discharge of the battery more accurately than conventional technologies and to recognize health of a battery appropriately. Complex impedance between positive and negative electrodes of the battery is determined at a plurality of frequencies, and the state of charge or depth of discharge of the battery is estimated by comparing frequency dependency of Warburg impedance of the determined complex impedances with frequency dependency of Warburg impedance corresponding to a known state of charge or depth of discharge of the battery.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a fuel cell separator having a low contact resistance due to a tin oxide film and having an excellent corrosion resistance. An embodiment is a method for manufacturing a fuel cell separator including a stainless steel substrate. The method includes forming the tin oxide film on a surface of the stainless steel substrate; and attaching phosphoric acid or phosphate to at least a defective portion in the tin oxide film.

Abstract: It is intended to recognize the state of charge or depth of discharge of the battery more accurately than conventional technologies and to recognize health of a battery appropriately. Complex impedance between positive and negative electrodes of the battery is determined at a plurality of frequencies, and the state of charge or depth of discharge of the battery is estimated by comparing frequency dependency of Warburg impedance of the determined complex impedances with frequency dependency of Warburg impedance corresponding to a known state of charge or depth of discharge of the battery.

Abstract: A camera module which can switch a photographing mode of the camera module includes a housing, a holder having a lens unit and displaceable between a first position and a second position, a magnetic member and a coil, a first magnet having an N pole, and a second magnet having an S pole. Positive DC supplied to the coil magnetizes the magnetic member to an N polarity repelled by the N pole and attracted to the S pole and held at that position by stopping the current for macro photographing mode. Negative DC supplied to the coil magnetizes the magnetic member to an S polarity repelled by the S pole and attracted to the N pole and held by stopping the DC current for the normal photographing mode.

Abstract: A camera module which can switch a photographing mode of the camera module between a normal photographing mode and a macro photographing mode is provided without using any hand-manipulated lever. The camera module includes a housing, a holder having a lens unit and displaceable between a first position and a second position, a magnetic member provided on the holder, a coil provided on the holder adjacent to the magnetic member for magnetizing the magnetic member, a first magnet provided inside the housing and having N pole which faces the magnetic member at the first position of the holder, and a second magnet provided inside the housing and having S pole which faces the magnetic member at the second position of the holder.

Abstract: An optical pickup unit (100A) according to this invention has an optical pickup actuator (200) for wobblably supporting an objective lens (71) and an optical base (300) having an aperture (300a) for receiving the optical pickup actuator. The optical pickup actuator (200) received in the aperture (300a) is wobblably held in the optical base (300) by using elastic resin material (91A).