Abstract: A zoom lens system includes a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group, a negative third lens group, and a positive fourth lens group, and satisfies the following conditions: 0.25 < &LeftBracketingBar; f 3 / f ⁢   ⁢ t &RightBracketingBar; < 0.5 ( 1 ) 0.

Abstract: An AF auxiliary light projector for an AF camera includes a focus detection optical system having a first optical axis, and an AF auxiliary light projecting optical system having a second optical axis which intersects the first optical axis, the AF auxiliary light projecting optical system projecting an image having a predetermined contrast pattern onto an object. The AF auxiliary light projecting optical system includes a projector lens, a contrast pattern chart, an illumination lens, and an illumination light source, in that order. The illumination lens has an asymmetrical optical power so that an optical power of a far distance portion of the illumination lens for a far distance region of the contrast pattern chart is greater than an optical power of a near distance portion of the illumination lens for a near distance region of the contrast pattern chart.

Abstract: A surveying instrument having a sighting optical system and a phase-difference detection type focus detection device which detects a focus state of the sighting optical system from a correlation between a pair of images respectively formed by two light bundles which are respectively passed through two different pupil areas on an objective lens of the sighting optical system, the phase-difference detection type focus detection device includes a pair of line sensors, a condenser lens group for condensing the two light bundles which are respectively passed through the two different pupil areas, and a pair of separator lens groups for forming two images of the two light bundles which are passed through the condenser lens group on the pair of line sensors, respectively. The condenser lens group includes more than one sub lens group.

Abstract: A wide-angle lens system includes a negative first lens group, and a positive second lens group. The first lens group includes a positive lens element, and a negative lens element. The wide-angle lens system satisfies the following conditions: 0<(&phgr;1-2+&phgr;2-1)/&phgr;<0.3 . . . (1); 0.5<HF/HL<0.9 . . .

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group, a negative third lens group, and a positive fourth lens group, and satisfies the following conditions:

Abstract: A wide-angle lens system includes a negative first lens group, and a positive second lens group, in this order from the object. The second lens group includes a positive 2F sub-lens group and a positive 2R sub-lens, in this order from the object. Upon focusing from infinity to a closer object distance, an Fa lens group constituted by the first lens group and the positive 2F sub-lens group which are arranged to move integrally, and an Fb lens group constituted by the positive 2R sub-lens group are independently moved from the image side toward the object side so that the distance between the Fa lens group and the Fb lens group are made shorter. Furthermore, the a wide-angle lens system satisfies the following conditions: 0.5<H1/H2R<0.9  (1) 1.7<nPAV  (2) 0.5<Xan/Xbn<1.

Abstract: An AF auxiliary light projector for an AF camera includes a focus detection optical system having a first optical axis, and an AF auxiliary light projecting optical system having a second optical axis which intersects the first optical axis, the AF auxiliary light projecting optical system projecting an image having a predetermined contrast pattern onto an object. The AF auxiliary light projecting optical system includes a projector lens, a contrast pattern chart, an illumination lens, and an illumination light source, in that order. The illumination lens has an asymmetrical optical power so that an optical power of a far distance portion of the illumination lens for a far distance region of the contrast pattern chart is greater than an optical power of a near distance portion of the illumination lens for a near distance region of the contrast pattern chart.

Abstract: A macro zoom lens system includes at least three lens groups, such as, a positive first lens group, a negative second lens group, and a positive third lens group, in this order from the object. Upon zooming, at least two lens groups are made moveable. On the other hand, upon focusing at any focal length in the focal-length range defined by the short focal length extremity and the long focal length extremity, any one of the lens groups other than the first lens group is made moveable. Furthermore, at the shortest object-to-image distance, an image magnification of more than ½ is obtained at the long focal length extremity.

Abstract: A device for supporting development of a system, the device including a first device for registering standard operations of the system into a first library by classifying the standard operations from control and work points of view. The device also includes a second device for registering programs corresponding to a plurality of predetermined system executable functions into a second library by referring to the standard operations registered in the first library.

Abstract: A wide-angle lens system includes a negative first lens group, and a positive second lens group. The first lens group includes a positive lens element, and a negative lens element. The wide-angle lens system satisfies the following conditions: 0<(&phgr;1-2+&phgr;2-1)/&phgr;<0.3 . . . (1); 0.5<HF/HL<0.9 . . .

Abstract: A surveying instrument having a sighting optical system and a phase-difference detection type focus detection device which detects a focus state of the sighting optical system from a correlation between a pair of images respectively formed by two light bundles which are respectively passed through two different pupil areas on an objective lens of the sighting optical system, the phase-difference detection type focus detection device includes a pair of line sensors, a condenser lens group for condensing the two light bundles which are respectively passed through the two different pupil areas, and a pair of separator lens groups for forming two images of the two light bundles which are passed through the condenser lens group on the pair of line sensors, respectively. The condenser lens group includes more than one sub lens group.

Abstract: A device for supporting development of a system, the device including first means for registering standard operations of the system into a first library by classifying the standard operations from control and work points of view. The device also includes second means for registering programs corresponding to a plurality of predetermined system executable functions into a second library by referring to the standard operations registered in the first library.

Abstract: A soft-focus zoom lens system including a positive front lens group, a negative intermediate lens group, and a positive rear lens group, in this order from the object. Zooming is performed by varying axial distances among the front, intermediate and rear lens groups. The zoom lens system satisfies the following conditions: SAU/fw<−0.10  (1) 0.30<D23w/fw  (2) 0.

Abstract: A macro lens system includes a positive first lens group, an aperture and a negative second lens group arranged in the order from an object side. The driving mechanism drives the lens groups and the aperture to move independently along an optical axis for focusing. When the lens groups are moved toward the object side, the aperture is also moved to the object side. The moving amount of the aperture is determined to control increasing of an effective F-number. The moving amount of the aperture is smaller than that of the first lens group and is larger than that of the second lens group.

Abstract: A macro lens system includes a positive first lens group, an aperture and a negative second lens group arranged in the order from an object side. The lens groups are driven to move along an optical axis for focusing. When the lens groups are driven, a full-opening diameter of the aperture is changed such when the lens groups is moved toward the object side to focus on a closer object, the full-opening diameter is increased.

Abstract: A soft-focus zoom lens system comprises a negative front lens group and a positive rear lens group, both of which are arranged to perform a zooming operation by moving the first lens group and the second lens group, by varying the distance between the negative front lens group and the positive rear lens group, wherein the soft-focus zoom lens system satisfies the following conditions:SAU/f.sub.W <-0.10 (1)0.8<D.sub.W /f.sub.W <2.0 (2)wherein:SAU designates the amount of marginal spherical aberration at the short focal-length extremity under the full open aperture condition;f.sub.W designates the focal-length of the entire lens system at the short focal-length extremity; andD.sub.W designates the axial distance between the front lens group and the rear lens group at the short focal-length extremity.

Abstract: A communication network and method of design thereof uses end-to-end delay distribution functions and loss probabilities as design constraint to ensure that all packets of all traffic classes on all end-to-end node pairs of the network reach a destination within a predetermined maximum allowable delay with a given probability. An end-to-end delay distribution function is determined for every end-to-end path for all traffic classes to find a path with a minimum distribution probability value. A distribution function is determined for each link of the path having a minimum distribution probability value to determine a most congested link, the capacity of which is increased until a given minimum probability value of distribution is determined.

Abstract: An engine has a crankshaft and a plurality of cylinders arranged in a row in a direction parallel to the crankshaft. Combustion in the cylinder adjacent to each end portion of the crankshaft to suppress bending strain of the crankshaft at said one end portion. The vibration control conditions of controlling combustion in the cylinders adjacent to the respective end portions of the crankshaft are set on the basis of properties of vibration of the engine and resonant frequencies at the respective end portions of the crankshaft and the conditions of combustion in the respective cylinders are controlled on the basis of the vibration control conditions set for the respective cylinders.

Abstract: A thermal recording sheet having on a support a thermal recording layer adapted for developing color when heated has an outermost surface layer formed by bringing it into contact with the surface of a smooth body when it is in a wet state, drying it and separating it from the surface of the smooth body. The sheet has a surface which is so smooth that when a first straight line extending in parallel to the centerline of a roughness curve as obtained in accordance with the method of JIS B0601 crosses the roughness curve with a contact ratio of 10%, a second straight line extending in parallel to the centerline and between it and the first straight line and having a distance of 1.5 .mu.m from the first straight line crosses the roughness curve with a contact ratio of at least 80%. The sheet is, therefore, easy to bring into intimate contact with a thermal head and is of high image quality and sensitivity.