Abstract: An antibody-drug conjugate represented by formula (I): (where Ab is an antibody, X is a group represented by formula (X-1), formula (X-2) or formula (X-3): (where at the left represents the binding site with NH and at the right represents the binding side with D), D is a group represented by formula (D-1) or formula (D-2): (where represents the binding site with X), and n is in the range of about 1 to about 8).

Abstract: A modified protein of an extracellular domain of protein A, which has the reduced ability to bind to immunoglobulin in an acidic region, compared with the wild-type extracellular domain of protein A, without impairing a selective antibody-binding activity in a neutral region. On the basis of three-dimensional structure coordinate data on a complex of the extracellular domain of protein A bound with the Fc region of immunoglobulin G, the modified protein is obtained by the substitution of amino acid residues that are located within the range of 10 angstroms from the Fc region and have a 20% or more ratio of exposed surface area, by histidine residues. Preferably, the modified protein is obtained by the substitution of amino acid residues at sites identified from the analysis of sequences selected from a library constituted by the protein group, by histidine residues. These substitutions may be combined.

Abstract: A modified protein of an extracellular domain of protein A, which has the reduced ability to bind to immunoglobulin in an acidic region, compared with the wild-type extracellular domain of protein A, without impairing a selective antibody-binding activity in a neutral region. On the basis of three-dimensional structure coordinate data on a complex of the extracellular domain of protein A bound with the Fc region of immunoglobulin G, the modified protein is obtained by the substitution of amino acid residues that are located within the range of 10 angstroms from the Fc region and have a 20% or more ratio of exposed surface area, by histidine residues. Preferably, the modified protein is obtained by the substitution of amino acid residues at sites identified from the analysis of sequences selected from a library constituted by the protein group, by histidine residues. These substitutions may be combined.

Abstract: A lamp annealer for heating and annealing product wafers loaded into a chamber by a lamp means. The lamp annealer comprises a first chamber for loading product wafers, a second chamber disposed adjacent to the first chamber for loading only a dummy wafer, a pyrometer means for measuring a temperature of a wafer in the first chamber and a temperature of a wafer in the second chamber, and a lamp means for heating the wafer in the first chamber and the wafer in the second chamber. Periodically, dummy wafers are loaded into the first and second chambers, temperatures of the dummy wafer in the first chamber and the dummy wafer in the second chamber which are both heated by the lamp means are measured by the pyrometer means, and, when product wafers are annealed, intensity of light of the lamp is compensated based on a difference between the temperatures.