Abstract: A solid electrolyte, comprising a solid polymer, ceramic, and/or polymer/ceramic composite materials and a phosphorus-containing plasticizer selected from the group consisting of a phosphazene and a phosphoranimine, which lacks hydroxyl and unstable phosphorus-halogen bonds, is electrochemically stable at a voltage of at least 3.5 V (vs. Li/Li+), and has a flash point of at least 100° C., wherein the solid electrolyte has a lithium ion conductivity of at least 1×10?6 S/cm.

Abstract: An all-inorganic electrolyte formulation for use in a lithium-ion battery system comprising at least one of each a phosphoranimine, a phosphazene, a monomeric organophosphate and a supporting lithium salt. The electrolyte preferably has a melting point below 0° C., and a vapor pressure of combustible components at 60.6° C. sufficiently low to not produce a combustible mixture in air, e.g., less than 40 mmHg at 30° C. The phosphoranimine, phosphazene, and monomeric phosphorus compound preferably do not have any direct halogen-phosphorus bonds. A solid electrolyte interface layer formed by the electrolyte with an electrode is preferably thermally stable ?80° C.

Abstract: An all-inorganic electrolyte formulation for use in a lithium ion battery system comprising at least one of each a phosphoranimine, a phosphazene, a monomeric organophosphate and a supporting lithium salt. The electrolyte preferably has a melting point below 0° C., and a vapor pressure of combustible components at 60.6° C. sufficiently low to not produce a combustible mixture in air, e.g., less than 40 mmHg at 30° C. The phosphoranimine, phosphazene, and monomeric phosphorus compound preferably do not have any direct halogen-phosphorus bonds. A solid electrolyte interface layer formed by the electrolyte with an electrode is preferably thermally stable ?80° C.

Abstract: An all-inorganic electrolyte formulation for use in a lithium ion battery system comprising at least one of each a phosphoranimine, a phosphazene, a monomeric organophosphate and a supporting lithium salt. The electrolyte preferably has a melting point below 0° C., and a vapor pressure of combustible components at 60.6° C. sufficiently low to not produce a combustible mixture in air, e.g., less than 40 mmHg at 30° C. The phosphoranimine, phosphazene, and monomeric phosphorus compound preferably do not have any direct halogen-phosphorus bonds. A solid electrolyte interface layer formed by the electrolyte with an electrode is preferably thermally stable ?80° C.

Abstract: An all-inorganic electrolyte formulation for use in a lithium ion battery system comprising at least one of each a phosphoranimine, a phosphazene, a monomeric organophosphate and a supporting lithium salt. The electrolyte preferably has a melting point below 0° C., and a vapor pressure of combustible components at 60.6° C. sufficiently low to not produce a combustible mixture in air, e.g., less than 40 mmHg at 30° C. A solid electrolyte interface layer formed by the electrolyte with an electrode is preferably thermally stable ?80° C.

Abstract: An all-inorganic electrolyte formulation for use in a lithium ion battery system comprising at least one of each a phosphoranimine, a phosphazene, a monomeric organophosphate and a supporting lithium salt. The electrolyte preferably has a melting point below 0° C., and a vapor pressure of combustible components at 60.6° C. sufficiently low to not produce a combustible mixture in air, e.g., less than 40 mmHg at 30° C. The phosphoranimine, phosphazene, and monomeric phosphorus compound preferably do not have any direct halogen-phosphorus bonds. A solid electrolyte interface layer formed by the electrolyte with an electrode is preferably thermally stable ?80° C.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution comprising at least one phosphoranimine compound and a metal salt. The at least one phosphoranimine compound comprises a compound of the chemical structure where X is an organosilyl group or a tert-butyl group and each of R1, R2, and R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, or an aryloxy group. An energy storage device including the electrolyte solution is also disclosed.

Abstract: An ionic liquid including a phosphazene compound that has a plurality of phosphorus-nitrogen units and at least one pendant group bonded to each phosphorus atom of the plurality of phosphorus-nitrogen units. One pendant group of the at least one pendant group comprises a positively charged pendant group. Additional embodiments of ionic liquids are disclosed, as are electrolyte solutions and energy storage devices including the embodiments of the ionic liquid.

Abstract: An ion transporting solvent for use with batteries can be improved by simultaneously shortening a phosphazene compound's pendent groups, eliminating most or all of the distal ion carriers, and randomizing the solvent molecules so as to intentionally disrupt symmetry to the maximum degree possible. The combination of these strategies dramatically improves battery performance to the point where the performance recorded is comparable to batteries using conventional organic solvents.

Abstract: An ion transporting solvent for use with batteries can be improved by simultaneously shortening a phosphazene compound's pendent groups, eliminating most or all of the distal ion carriers, and randomizing the solvent molecules so as to intentionally disrupt symmetry to the maximum degree possible. The combination of these strategies dramatically improves battery performance to the point where the performance recorded is comparable to batteries using conventional organic solvents.

Abstract: An ion transporting solvent for use with batteries can be improved by simultaneously shortening a phosphazene compound's pendent groups, eliminating most or all of the distal ion carriers, and randomizing the solvent molecules so as to intentionally disrupt symmetry to the maximum degree possible. The combination of these strategies dramatically improves battery performance to the point where the performance recorded is comparable to batteries using conventional organic solvents.

Abstract: An all-inorganic electrolyte formulation for use in a lithium ion battery system comprising at least one of each a phosphoranimine, a phosphazene, a monomeric organophosphate and a supporting lithium salt. The electrolyte preferably has a melting point below 0° C., and a vapor pressure of combustible components at 60.6° C. sufficiently low to not produce a combustible mixture in air, e.g., less than 40 mmHg at 30° C. The phosphoranimine, phosphazene, and monomeric phosphorus compound preferably do not have any direct halogen-phosphorus bonds. A solid electrolyte interface layer formed by the electrolyte with an electrode is preferably thermally stable ?80° C.

Abstract: An ionic liquid including a phosphazene compound that has a plurality of phosphorus-nitrogen units and at least one pendant group bonded to each phosphorus atom of the plurality of phosphorus-nitrogen units. One pendant group of the at least one pendant group comprises a positively charged pendant group. Additional embodiments of ionic liquids are disclosed, as are electrolyte solutions and energy storage devices including the embodiments of the ionic liquid.

Abstract: An ionic liquid including a phosphazene compound that has a plurality of phosphorus-nitrogen units and at least one pendant group bonded to each phosphorus atom of the plurality of phosphorus-nitrogen units. One pendant group of the at least one pendant group comprises a positively charged pendant group. Additional embodiments of ionic liquids are disclosed, as are electrolyte solutions and energy storage devices including the embodiments of the ionic liquid.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution comprising at least one phosphoranimine compound and a metal salt. The at least one phosphoranimine compound comprises a compound of the chemical structure where X is an organosilyl group or a tert-butyl group and each of R1, R2, and R3 is independently selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, or an aryloxy group. An energy storage device including the electrolyte solution is also disclosed.

Abstract: An additive comprising a phosphazene compound that has at least two reactive functional groups and at least one capping functional group bonded to phosphorus atoms of the phosphazene compound. One of the at least two reactive functional groups is configured to react with cellulose and the other of the at least two reactive functional groups is configured to react with a resin, such as an amine resin or a polycarboxylic acid resin. The at least one capping functional group is selected from the group consisting of a short chain ether group, an alkoxy group, and an aryloxy group. Also disclosed are an additive-resin admixture, a method of treating a wood product, and a wood product.

Abstract: An additive comprising a phosphazene compound that has at least two reactive functional groups and at least one capping functional group bonded to phosphorus atoms of the phosphazene compound. One of the at least two reactive functional groups is configured to react with cellulose and the other of the at least two reactive functional groups is configured to react with a resin, such as an amine resin or a polycarboxylic acid resin. The at least one capping functional group is selected from the group consisting of a short chain ether group, an alkoxy group, and an aryloxy group. Also disclosed are an additive-resin admixture, a method of treating a wood product, and a wood product.

Abstract: An ionic liquid including a phosphazene compound that has a plurality of phosphorus-nitrogen units and at least one pendant group bonded to each phosphorus atom of the plurality of phosphorus-nitrogen units. One pendant group of the at least one pendant group comprises a positively charged pendant group. Additional embodiments of ionic liquids are disclosed, as are electrolyte solutions and energy storage devices including the embodiments of the ionic liquid.

Abstract: An ion transporting solvent for use with batteries can be improved by simultaneously shortening a phosphazene compound's pendent groups, eliminating most or all of the distal ion carriers, and randomizing the solvent molecules so as to intentionally disrupt symmetry to the maximum degree possible. The combination of these strategies dramatically improves battery performance to the point where the performance recorded is comparable to batteries using conventional organic solvents.

Abstract: A taggant comprising at least one perfluorocarbon compound surrounded by a polyphosphazene compound. The polyphosphazene compound has the chemical structure: wherein G1 and G2 are pendant groups having different polarities, m is an integer greater than or equal to 100, and each of A and B is independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkene, an alkoxide, a polyether, a polythioether, a siloxane, and —X(CH2)nY1(CH2)p1Y2(CH2)p2 . . . Yi(CH2)piCH3, where n ranges from 1 to 6, X and Y are independently selected from oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and polonium, and p1 through pi range from 1 to 6. Cyclic polyphosphazene compounds lacking the A and B groups are also disclosed, as are methods of forming the taggant and of detecting an object.