Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device having a driving liquid crystal cell interposed between two polarizers 1 and 4, the cell having a liquid crystal layer 3e held between two substrates 3a and 3b, the layer having a twisted molecular alignment when no voltage is applied, and the liquid crystal cell performing optical control, using the optical anisotropy of liquid crystal, there is provided with an optical anisotropic element 2 between the polarizer and the driving liquid crystal cell, the optical anisotropic element 2 comprising an optical anisotropic substance layer 2c in which the optical rotatory power is minimal in the direction of layer thickness and the optical anisotropy is negative. The angle of the optical axis of the optical anisotropic element 2 varies continuously or in stages in the direction of layer thickness of the optical anisotropic element as against the surface of the optical anisotropic element.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device having a driving liquid crystal cell interposed between two polarizers 1 and 4, the cell having a liquid crystal layer 3e held between two substrates 3a and 3b, the layer having a twisted molecular alignment when no voltage is applied, and the liquid crystal cell performing optical control, using the optical anisotropy of liquid crystal, there is provided with an optical anisotropic element 2 between the polarizer and the driving liquid crystal cell, the optical anisotropic element 2 comprising an optical anisotropic substance layer 2c in which the optical rotatory power is minimal in the direction of layer thickness and the optical anisotropy is negative. The angle of the optical axis of the optical anisotropic element 2 varies continuously or in stages in the direction of layer thickness of the optical anisotropic element as against the surface of the optical anisotropic element.

Abstract: In an electooptical liquid crystal device comprising an OCB mode liquid crystal cell and an optically anisotropic element compensating a viewing angle characteristics of the cell, the optically anisotropic element satisfies the elliptical coefficient Z of the index ellipsoid of the optically anisotropic element,7.ltoreq.Z.ltoreq.10,if Z=(ndx-ndz)/(ndx-ndy),where ndx, ndy and ndz represent the components in x, y and z directions of the products of the refractive indice n of optically anisotropic element and the thickness of the optically anisotropic element, when the optically anisotropic element is combined with the bend-aligned liquid crystal cell as the electrooptical liquid crystal device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-performance organic waste water treating system which allows continuous processing of waste water without causing deterioration of the performance due to clogging of the filtration bed, excessive sludge, bad smell, or breeding of flies. The system of the invention includes a trickling filtration bed packed with filter media having a particle diameter of not greater than 10 mm, the filtration bed comprising an upper portion, a middle portion, and a lower portion, an air supply unit for feeding air from a bottom of the filtration bed to make the air flown through the filtration bed, and a vent pipe embedded into the middle portion of the filtration bed to connect to the atmosphere. A predetermined amount of organic waste water is abruptly supplied over a short time period into the trickling filtration bed at a predetermined cycle.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell including a pair of substrates each having an alignment film on the surface thereof, and a liquid crystal filled in a space between the substrates, which is provided with a plurality of alignment regions, each region having the direction of alignment or the rise direction of liquid crystal molecule different from another region within a display region. The alignment film comprises a polyimide having a glass transition point of 300.degree. to 400.degree. C., a skeleton having no two-revolution axis, non-conjugated carbon occupying 10 to 60% of the total number of carbon excluding carbon atoms directly connected to imido group, a relative dielectric constant of 4 to 7 at a frequency of 1kH and at a temperature of 20.degree. C.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell including a pair of substrates each having an alignment film on the surface thereof, and a liquid crystal filled in a space between the substrates, which is provided with a plurality of alignment regions, each region having the direction of alignment or the rise direction of liquid crystal molecule different from another region within a display region. The alignment film comprises a polyimide having a glass transition point of 300.degree. to 400.degree. C., a skeleton having no two-revolution axis, non-conjugated carbon occupying 10 to 60% of the total number of carbon excluding carbon atoms directly connected to imido group, a relative dielectric constant of 4 to 7 at a frequency of 1 kH and at a temperature of 20.degree. C.

Abstract: Between the substrates with electrodes arranged to face each other, there is held a neamtic liquid crystal layer having a molecular arrangement capable of obtaining two or more directions of the tilt direction when an electric field is applied. The electrode structure is formed by a region having the conductive sections the width of which is 50 .mu.m or less in the widest part and the non-conductive sections the width of which is 50 .mu.m or less in the widest part per pixel. Between the substrates arranged to face each other, the conductive sections and non-conductive sections are opposed to each other at least per pixel in a part of the region in the pixel, and given the width of the narrowest part of the non-conductive sections as S, and the distance between the electrodes of the substrates arranged to face each other as D, the relationship of D.gtoreq.S/2 is satisfied.