Abstract: Applications of a natural gas reformer to mobile systems are described. A reformer with a plasma device is used to reform natural gas or light hydrocarbons to H2 and carbon. A vehicle includes the reformer, a natural gas reservoir, and a fuel cell. The fuel cell uses the H2 generated by the reformer to charge a battery in the vehicle or power an electric motor of the vehicle. Such systems are further used to distribute carbon, where carbon produced by the reformer is sorted to remove carbon black or nanostructure carbon, with each type of carbon compressed and or stored separately for use or commercialization. Such systems are further used to retrofit or otherwise reduce weight of electric vehicles (EV). Batteries installed in an EV are removed and replaced with a natural gas reservoir, reformer, and fuel cell, reducing the weight and improving efficiency of the EV.

Abstract: Fixed point applications of producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons and using such are described. A feedstock including natural gas is introduced to a plasma reformer, and H2 is generated from the feedstock. The plasma reformer can be integrated into a number of locations for various purposes. For example, reformers can be integrated into buildings for onsite generation of H2 , either for storage, distribution as fuel, or for generating electricity for onsite needs to alleviate strain on the energy grid. Likewise, legacy natural gas distribution points or fuel stations can be converted to H2 distribution points, or further used as electricity distribution points by way of an H2 fuel cell. Likewise, reformers can be integrated into natural gas distribution networks to self-energize nodes or stations in the network via H2 fuel cells.

Abstract: Producing hydrogen and carbon from hydrocarbons in a single-step process is described. A feedstock including natural gas or other light (e.g., <C5) hydrocarbons is introduced to a plasma reformer. The plasma reformer typically includes a non-thermal plasma. The plasma separates hydrogen from the carbon of the feedstock, yielding H2 and carbon black. The carbon is separated from the H2, and the H2 is further used as fuel (e.g., generating electricity via fuel cell) either contemporaneously or at a later time, stored, pressurized, or dispensed to a vehicle. Excess electricity generated form the H2 is stored in a battery, and excess is either stored or pressurized. Carbon black is further condensed to reduce volume for storage or transport.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and articles for providing an antimicrobial composition to the proximal elements of a trans-dermal catheter and into the lumen of the transdermal catheter are disclosed. In an embodiment, an antimicrobial composition on surface a cap element transfers antimicrobial to the proximal end of the transdermal catheter. The system comprises an elongate member configured for insertion into a lumen of a catheter, the elongate member containing an antimicrobial.

Abstract: A machine includes a frame. The machine also includes a hopper assembly supported on the frame proximate to a front end of the machine. The machine further includes a conveyor system disposed proximate to the hopper assembly. The conveyor system includes a conveyor belt assembly and a drive mechanism adapted to operate the conveyor belt assembly. The machine includes a bumper extending transversely across the front end of the machine. The bumper defines an opening that is adapted to communicate with a portion of the drive mechanism disposed proximate to the bumper.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and articles for providing an antimicrobial composition to the proximal elements of a trans-dermal catheter and into the lumen of the transdermal catheter are disclosed. In an embodiment, an antimicrobial composition on surface a cap element transfers antimicrobial to the proximal end of the transdermal catheter. The system comprises an elongate member configured for insertion into a lumen of a catheter, the elongate member containing an antimicrobial.

Abstract: A machine includes a chassis and a hopper assembly. The hopper assembly includes a hopper frame, at least one hopper, and an actuator assembly. The actuator assembly is adapted to move the at least one hopper between a raised position and a lowered position. The actuator assembly includes an actuator. The actuator includes a cylinder and a rod member. The actuator assembly also includes a first retention assembly adapted to couple the fixed end of the cylinder with the hopper frame and encapsulate the fixed end of the cylinder within a first space defined by the first retention assembly. The actuator assembly further includes a second retention assembly adapted to couple the movable end of the rod member with the at least one hopper and encapsulate the movable end of the rod member within a second space defined by the second retention assembly.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an apparatus for use in producing a simulated flame/fire effect using steam or theatrical smoke. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes an first chamber for receiving steam or theatrical smoke, an annular second chamber that surrounds the first chamber and defines an annular closed-loop slot through which a closed-loop sheet of steam or theatrical smoke exits, a passageway for conveying smoke from the first chamber to the annular second chamber, a lighting structure for projecting light onto the steam or theatrical smoke exiting the annular slot, and an air modulator for modulating the position of the steam or theatrical smoke exiting the slot.

Abstract: A machine includes a chassis and a hopper assembly. The hopper assembly includes a hopper frame, at least one hopper, and an actuator assembly. The actuator assembly is adapted to move the at least one hopper between a raised position and a lowered position. The actuator assembly includes an actuator. The actuator includes a cylinder and a rod member. The actuator assembly also includes a first retention assembly adapted to couple the fixed end of the cylinder with the hopper frame and encapsulate the fixed end of the cylinder within a first space defined by the first retention assembly. The actuator assembly further includes a second retention assembly adapted to couple the movable end of the rod member with the at least one hopper and encapsulate the movable end of the rod member within a second space defined by the second retention assembly.

Abstract: A machine includes a frame. The machine also includes a hopper assembly supported on the frame proximate to a front end of the machine. The machine further includes a conveyor system disposed proximate to the hopper assembly. The conveyor system includes a conveyor belt assembly and a drive mechanism adapted to operate the conveyor belt assembly. The machine includes a bumper extending transversely across the front end of the machine. The bumper defines an opening that is adapted to communicate with a portion of the drive mechanism disposed proximate to the bumper.

Abstract: The invention is directed to special effect device that is used to produce a simulated flame that has the shape and, if desired, the color characteristics of an actual flame. The device is particularly adapted to applications in which individuals may be in close proximity to the device. In this regard, the device produces little noise that would indicate to such an individual that the simulated being produced by the device is not a real flame. In one embodiment, the device includes a sintered nozzle that receives a stream of steam and outputs a steam cloud, a steam accelerator for applying a linear stream of air to steam cloud output by the sintered nozzle, and a lighting system to project desired colors onto the linear steam cloud.

Abstract: The invention is directed to special effect device that is used to produce a simulated flame that has the shape and, if desired, the color characteristics of the flame produced by a jet afterburner. In one embodiment, the device includes a steam system for providing a stream of steam, a steam accelerator for applying a high-speed and highly linear stream of air to steam provided by the steam system to produce at steam cloud with a highly linear shape similar to the shape of the flame produced by a jet afterburner, and a lighting system to project desired colors onto the linear steam cloud.

Abstract: Ways of detecting an aqueous solution in a glycol ether are provided, including detecting an aqueous solution, such as diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) in fuel system icing inhibitor (FSII). A metal salt and the glycol ether are combined, and the glycol ether is identified as including the aqueous solution when the combined metal salt and the glycol ether result in a color change. The presence of the aqueous solution, including the presence of ammonia derived from urea, can indicate contamination of FSII with water and/or DEF and identify the container or reservoir of FSII as unsuitable for addition to aviation fuel.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and articles for providing an antimicrobial composition to the proximal elements of a trans-dermal catheter and into the lumen of the transdermal catheter are disclosed. In an embodiment, an antimicrobial composition on surface a cap element transfers antimicrobial to the proximal end of the transdermal catheter. The system comprises an elongate member configured for insertion into a lumen of a catheter, the elongate member containing an antimicrobial.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an apparatus for use in producing a simulated flame/fire effect using steam or theatrical smoke. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes an first chamber for receiving steam or theatrical smoke, an annular second chamber that surrounds the first chamber and defines an annular closed-loop slot through which a closed-loop sheet of steam or theatrical smoke exits, a passageway for conveying smoke from the first chamber to the annular second chamber, a lighting structure for projecting light onto the steam or theatrical smoke exiting the annular slot, and an air modulator for modulating the position of the steam or theatrical smoke exiting the slot.

Abstract: The invention is directed to special effect device that is used to produce a simulated flame that has the shape and, if desired, the color characteristics of the flame produced by a jet afterburner. In one embodiment, the device includes a steam system for providing a stream of steam, a steam accelerator for applying a high-speed and highly linear stream of air to steam provided by the steam system to produce at steam cloud with a highly linear shape similar to the shape of the flame produced by a jet afterburner, and a lighting system to project desired colors onto the linear steam cloud.

Abstract: The invention is directed to special effect device that is used to produce a simulated flame that has the shape and, if desired, the color characteristics of an actual flame. The device is particularly adapted to applications in which individuals may be in close proximity to the device. In this regard, the device produces little noise that would indicate to such an individual that the simulated being produced by the device is not a real flame. In one embodiment, the device includes a sintered nozzle that receives a stream of steam and outputs a steam cloud, a steam accelerator for applying a linear stream of air to steam cloud output by the sintered nozzle, and a lighting system to project desired colors onto the linear steam cloud.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and articles for providing an antimicrobial composition to the proximal elements of a trans-dermal catheter and into the lumen of the transdermal catheter are disclosed. In an embodiment, an antimicrobial composition on surface a cap element transfers antimicrobial to the proximal end of the transdermal catheter. The system comprises an elongate member configured for insertion into a lumen of a catheter, the elongate member containing an antimicrobial.

Abstract: A device and method of use are provided for measuring the concentration of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) in jet fuel to a limit of detection of 1 ppm. The device measures concentration of FAME in jet fuel via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with a spectral resolution of 1 cm?1. The device can use an infrared light emitting diode (IR LED) and mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector in which the spectral output of the IR LED and the spectral response of the MCT detector is centered on the spectral absorbance of an ester bond, a defining spectral characteristic of FAME. Other IR LEDs with differing spectral outputs can be used to measure the presence and/or concentration of different analytes in different fluids.

Abstract: A device and method of use are provided for measuring the concentration of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) in jet fuel to a limit of detection of 1 ppm. The device measures concentration of FAME in jet fuel via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with a spectral resolution of 1 cm?1. The device can use an infrared light emitting diode (IR LED) and mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector in which the spectral output of the IR LED and the spectral response of the MCT detector is centered on the spectral absorbance of an ester bond, a defining spectral characteristic of FAME. Other IR LEDs with differing spectral outputs can be used to measure the presence and/or concentration of different analytes in different fluids.