Abstract: Methods of winding a serpentine pattern of a stator coil and structures made from the methods. In one embodiment, a method forms a serpentine winding from a bundle of wires with a first end and a second end, then joins a first group of in-hand conductors of the second end to a second group of in-hand conductors of the first end, the result of which electrically connects a first turn to a second turn. The successive turns of the coil are connected in the same manner. In one embodiment, a method forms a multiple phase serpentine winding, such as three-phases, with coplanar radial conductors. In one embodiment, a method includes a method of forming a serpentine winding on one or more layers of a printed circuit board (PCB). In one embodiment, a method uses plated slots adjacent one or more radial torque inducing conductors to electrically connect the radial conductors of one layer to one or more corresponding radially torque inducing conductor(s) on at least one other layer.

Abstract: In one embodiment, pipe connection joints are constructed using two materials, a flexible material and a rigid material, which are fixedly attached to form a pipe connection joint that provides a few degrees of flex in order to allow for mis-alignment of pipe ends and to reduce stress at the joint. The flexible pipe connection joints are made in a variety of nominal angles, configurations, and sizes and each of the individual pipe connection joints can be flexed in any direction a few degrees from the nominal angle.