Abstract: Transport Layer Security (TLS) connection establishment between a client and a server for a new session is enabled using an ephemeral (temporary) key pair. In response to a request, the server generates a temporary certificate by signing an ephemeral public key using the server's private key. A certificate chain comprising at least the temporary certificate that includes the ephemeral public key, together with a server certificate, is output to the client by the server, which acts as a subordinate Certificate Authority. The client validates the certificates, generates a session key and outputs the session key wrapped by the ephemeral public key. To complete the connection establishment, the server applies the ephemeral private key to recover the session key derived at the client for the new session. The client and server thereafter use the session key to encrypt and decrypt data over the link. The ephemeral key pair is not reused.

Abstract: Exemplary practice of the present invention defines “sphibules” in computer-modeling the spread of a substance in a fluid medium. A “sphibule,” a modeling entity conceived and named by the present inventors, represents a discrete quantity of a substance that is propagative in a fluid medium. Every sphibule has the same size when created, the same constant geometric shape, the same constant mass, and a uniform density. Multiple sphibules are created at a prescribed rate at a source in the fluid medium. Several or many timesteps are performed to compute enlargement and relocation, in the fluid medium, of each sphibule that has been created. Through succeeding timesteps, each sphibule becomes less dense and more distant from the source. A sphibule ceases to exist when the sphibule is less dense than a prescribed minimum density of the sphibules, and/or when the sphibule travels beyond a prescribed spatial boundary of the fluid medium.

Abstract: According to exemplary practice of the present invention, the dynamic trajectory of a moving body is incrementally modeled using temporal and spatial relationships between the body and the target that the body pursues. In each time step, the body has starting positional coordinates and ending positional coordinates. The horizontal travel distance is calculated by taking into account the body's speed and the body's horizontal distance from the target. The vertical travel distance is calculated by taking into account the body trajectory's spatial derivative and the body's horizontal travel distance. The body's time-step-ending positional coordinates thus reflect the change, in accordance with the horizontal travel distance and the vertical travel distance, relative to the body's time-step-starting positional coordinates. Each succeeding time step repeats the computations whereby the starting positional coordinates are the ending positional coordinates of the preceding time step.