Abstract: A process for preparing polyaspartic acid by polycondensation of fine-particle aspartic acid at temperatures above 150.degree. C. in the presence of acidic catalysts, wherein first contact between the acidic catalysts and the fine-particle aspartic acid takes place in the reaction zone where the polycondensation takes place.

Abstract: A biodegradable polyester obtainable by reacting a mixture comprising(a1) from 95 to 99.9% by weight of a polyester P1 obtainable by reacting a mixture essentially comprising(b1) a mixture comprising35-95 mol % of adipic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof,5-65 mol % of terephthalic acid or ester-forming derivatives thereof, and0-5 mol % of a compound containing sulfonate groups, and(b2) a dihydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkanediols and C.sub.5 -C.sub.10 -cycloalkanediols,with the proviso that a compound D with at least three groups capable of ester formation is employed to prepare the polyester P1,(a2) from 0.1 to 5% by weight of a divinyl ether C1 and(a3) from 0 to 5 mol %, based on component (b1) from the preparation of P1, of compound D,and other biodegradable polymers and thermoplastic molding compositions, processes for the preparation thereof, the use thereof for producing biodegradable moldings and adhesives.

Abstract: The use of polyaspartic acid prepared by polycondensation of aspartic acid in the presence of phosphoric acid in a molar ratio of from 1:0.05 to 1:10 at temperatures of at least 120.degree. C. to give polysuccinimide, and subsequent hydrolysis of the polysuccinimide with bases to give at least partially neutralized polyaspartic acid, as additive to detergents and cleaners in amounts of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, and detergents and cleaners which contain polyaspartic acids prepared in the presence of phosphoric acid.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing D,L-aspartic acid by beating aqueous solutions of ammonium salts of the maleic acid. The molar ratio of maleic acid to ammonia ranges from 1:1 to 1:50. The process is carried out at temperatures from 60.degree. to 250.degree. C. and pressures of at least 1 bar. The pressure applied during the reaction is adjusted to ensure that the reaction mixture is almost completely present in liquid phase. Excess ammonia is removed and the reaction solution is acidified so as to release D,L-aspartic acid, which is then isolated.

Abstract: Polymers which contain polyacetal blocks are obtainable by polymerizing carboxylates containing aldehyde groups in the presence of initiators and reacting the polymers with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents in the presence of acids or Lewis acids and, if required hydrolyzing the ester groups present as polymerized units, process for the preparation of the polymers containing polyacetal blocks by polymerizing carboxylates containing aldehyde groups in the presence of initiators and reacting the resulting polyacetals containing terminal hydroxyl groups with at least bifunctional crosslinking agents in the presence of acids or Lewis acids, and the use of the resulting polymers as additives in phosphate-free and reduced phosphate detergents and cleaning agents, as scale inhibitors and as dispersants for pigments.

Abstract: Modified polyaspartic acids useful as detergent and cleaner additives, as water treatment agents and as scale inhibitors in the evaporation of sugar juice are obtainable by polycondensation of(a) from 1 to 99.9 mol % of aspartic acid with(b) from 99 to 0.1 mol % of fatty acids, polybasic carboxylic acids, anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids, polybasic hydroxycarboxylic acids, monobasic polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, alcohols, amines, alkoxylated alcohols and amines, amino sugars, carbohydrates, sugarcarboxylic acids and/or non-proteinogenic aminocarboxylic acidsor by polymerizing monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of polyaspartic acids in the manner of a free-radically initiated graft polymerization.

Abstract: Modified polyaspartic acids are prepared by condensing aspartic acid with polybasic carboxylic acids or anhydrides of polybasic carboxylic acids and ammonia without a diluent at temperatures of at least 140.degree. C. in the absence of inorganic acids.

Abstract: Use of carboxyl-containing reaction products of(a) maleic anhydride, maleic acid and/or fumaric acid, and(b) proteins or protein hydrolyzateshaving an acid number of at least 1.5 mmol of NaOH/g of reaction product, as ingredient of reduced-phosphate and phosphate-free detergents and cleaners.

Abstract: Mixtures of(I)polymers of monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having a molecular weight of from 200 to 5,000 and(II)(1) copolymers having a molecular weight of from 10,000 to 150,000 and comprising(a) from 10 to 70% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 -dicarboxylic acids or the salts thereof and(b) from 30 to 90% by weight of monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -monocarboxylic acids and/or the salts thereof,(2) graft polymers having a molecular weight of from 5,000 to 150,000, which are obtainable by free radical graft polymerization of(A) monoethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 -carboxylic acids or the anhydrides and/or the salts thereof in the presence of(B) mono-, oligo- or polysaccharides and the derivatives thereof in a weight ratio (A) : (B) of (95 to 20) : (5 to 80), and/or(3) polyaminocarboxylic acids and/or polymers containing aminocarboxylic acid groupscontain the components (I) and (II) in a weight ratio of from 10 : 0.5 to 0.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of products of the reaction of polyaspartimides and amino acids by reaction of amino acids with polyaspartimides in aqueous medium at pH values at which at least 5% of the amino groups in the amino acids are in non-protonated form in equilibrium with the protonated form, and use of the reaction products obtainable in this way and of products of the reaction of polyaspartimides with alkanolamines or aminated C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 -fatty alcohol alkoxylates which contain as copolymerized units up to 50 mol % of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide per mol of fatty alcohol, as additive to detergents and cleaners, as scale inhibitor and as dispersant.

Abstract: Reaction products of polybasic acids and amino-containing compounds, which are obtainable by heating a mixture of (a) a polybasic carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, isocitric acid, aconitic acid, itaconic acid and/or tartaric acid and (b) an amino-containing compound in a molar ratio of (a) to (b) of from 1:0.1 to 1:10 to at least 80.degree. C. are used as additives in low-phosphate and phosphate-free detergents and cleaning agents.

Abstract: Copolymers of hydroxyalkyl vinyl ethers are obtainable by cationic or free radical copolymerization of(a) from 99 to 1% by weight of a hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether,(b) from 1 to 99% by weight of an adduct of a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene oxide with a hydroxyalkyl vinyl ether and(c) from 0 to 98% by weight of other copolymerizable monomers,and the stated copolymer and hydroxyalkyl vinyl ethers polymerized by cationic or free radical polymerization, which contain the monomers (a) or (b) as sole monomers or as a mixture with other copolymerizable monomers in the form of polymerized units, are used as additives for detergents and cleaning agents in amounts of from 0.1 to 50% by weight.

Abstract: Polycocondensates based on aspartic acid which are obtainable by condensing aspartic acid in the presence of polymers containing carboxyl groups, which contain at least 10 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid in copolymerized form and have a molecular weight of at least 300, in the weight ratio from 1,000:1 to 2:1, processes for preparing the polycocondensates and use of the polycocondensates in the form of the free acid groups or in a form neutralized with ammonia, amines, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal bases as an additive to detergents and cleaners, as scale inhibitors or as dispersants for finely divided solids are described.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of polymers of aspartic acid by reacting (a) maleic anhydride and (b) ammonia and/or primary or secondary amines without diluent in the (a):(b) molar ratio of 1:0.1 to 1:3 to give monoamides of maleic acid, fumaric acid or their ammonium salts at up to 100.degree. C. and subsequent condensation of the reaction products, with or without compounds capable of cocondensation, at above 100.degree. C. and, where appropriate, hydrolysis of the condensates and use of the polymers as scale inhibitor, as dispersants for pigments and as additive to detergents and cleaners.

Abstract: Use of polyacetals containing acetaldehyde acetal units, and of mixtures of these polyacetals with fillers, for preparing compostable moldings, as coating and as adhesive, and also diapers with an outer layer comprising polyacetals containing acetaldehyde acetal units in the form of a compostable film or a compostable coating.

Abstract: Soluble polyacetals containing acetaldehyde acetal units are obtainable by cationically initiated addition polymerization of(a) compounds containing at least 3 hydroxyl groups, and(b) divinyl ethers containing terminal vinyl ether groups, or mixtures of such divinyl ethers and monovinyl ethers, in the presence or absence of(c) dihydroxy compounds and/or monohydroxy compounds, and are useful as admixture in phosphate-reduced and phosphate-free detergents and cleaners and as dispersant for finely divided minerals.

Abstract: A method for the pretreatment of fabrics and textiles to impart soil release properties thereto involves contacting the fabrics with homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl ethers.

Abstract: Antitumor peptides of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 have the meanings stated in the description, and the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Condensation products that contain N,O-acetal or carboxamide structures and are useful as detergent and cleaner additives are obtainable by condensation of(a) compounds that contain at least one unit of the structural elements ##STR1## where X is OH or NHR and R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or --CH.sub.2 --COOH, with(b) aldehydes, ketones or aldehyde- or keto-carboxylic acids to form acetal-lactones, and subsequent cleavage of the acetal-lactones with(c) aminocarboxylic acids, primary or secondary amines and/or polyethyleneimines.

Abstract: There are described block copolyacetals obtainable by cationically initiated polyaddition of(A) polyacetals containing acetaldehyde acetal units and having at least 2 OH groups in the molecule and(B) polyacetals containing acetaldehyde acetal units and having at least 2 vinyl ether groups in the molecule.in a molar ratio of (A):(B) of from 2:1 to 1:2, processes for preparing the block copolyacetals by cationically initiated polyaddition of (A) and (B), and the use of the block polyacetals as additament to reduced-phosphate and phosphate-free detergents and cleaners and as low-foam surfactants in dishwashing compositions.