Abstract: This invention relates to a fuel oil composition, containing a low-sulfur marine diesel having a sulfur content of less than 1 wt. % and (A) at least one ethylene copolymer and (B) at least one comb polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for continuously carrying out heterogeneously catalyzed chemical reactions, comprising a microwave-transparent tube, the longitudinal axis of which extends in the direction of propagation of the microwaves of a single-mode microwave applicator and which is filled with an open-cell foam that carries or is made of catalytically active species.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reacting polymers (A) comprising hydroxyl groups and which have repetitive structural units of general formula (I), wherein D represents a direct bond between the polymer backbone and a hydroxyl group, a C1- to C6-alkene group, a C5- to C12-arylene group, an oxyalkylene group of formula —O—R2—, an ester group of formula —C(O)—O—R2— or an amide group of formula —C(O)—N(R8)R2—, R2 represents a C2- to C10-alkene group, R8 represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted C2- to C10-alkyl group and n represents a number between 3 and 5000, with carboxylic acids B1) of formula (II) or carboxylic acid esters B2) of formula (III) R1—COOH (II) R1—COOR7 (III), wherein R1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 50 C atoms, and R7 represents a C1C4-alkyl group, in which the polymers (A); comprising the hydroxyl groups are exposed to microwaves in the presence of carboxylic acids of formula (II) or carboxylic acid esters of formula (III) and in the presence of water.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymers carrying ester/hydroxyl groups, containing repetitive structural units of formulae (I) and (II) in a block-wise, alternating or statistical sequence, wherein D represents a direct bond between the polymer backbone and the hydroxyl group, a C1- to C6-alkene group, a C5- to C12-arylene group, an oxyalkene group of formula —O—R2—, an ester group of formula —C(O)—O—R2— or an amide group of formula —C(O)—N(R3)R2—, E represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 C-atoms, R2 represents a C2- to C10-alkene group, R3 represents hydrogen or a C1- to C10-alkyl group, which can carry substituents, k represents a number between 1 and 1000, n represents a number from 0 to 4999, m represents a number from 1 to 5000, and n+m represents a number between 10 to 5000, under the proviso that a) the molar portion of the structural units (I); on the polymer is between 0 and 99.9 mol-%, and b) the molar portion of the structural units (II) on the polymer is between 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cooling additives for middle distillates, containing A) at least one polyester of formula (A1) wherein one of the radicals R1 to R4 represents a linear C16-C40 alkyl or alkenyl radical and the remainder of the radicals R1 to R4 represent, independently of one another, hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 3 C atoms, R5 is a C—C bond or an alkylene radical having 1 to 6 C atoms, R16 is a hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, n is an integer from 1 to 100, m is an integer from 3 to 250, p is 0 or 1, and q is 0 or 1, B) at least one copolymer of ethylene and of at least one ethylenically unsaturated ester, the copolymer having a melt viscosity, measured at 140 DEG C., of at most 5000 mPas, and C) at least one organic solvent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing alkaline amides or imides of ethylenically unsaturated C3 to C6 carboxylic acids by reacting amines that contain at least one primary and/or secondary amino group and at least one tertiary amino group with ethylenically unsaturated C3 to C6 carboxlic acids to form an ammonium salt and said ammonium salt is subsequently converted into the alkaline amide or imide by means of microwave radiation, with the proviso that the primary and/or secondary amino group is devoid of alkoxy groups.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a method for determining the H2S content arising during the warm storage of sulfur-containing crude and residual oils and mineral distillates containing sulfur-containing crude and/or residual oils, in which a sample of the sulfur-containing mineral oil is dissolved in a solvent or solvent mixture that boils at more than 200° C. and a carrier gas is caused to flow through the solution of the sulfur-containing mineral oil at temperatures above 80° C., and the quantity of hydrogen sulfide carried out with the carrier gas is analyzed quantitatively.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing esters, in which at least one polyol ester of formula (I) (R1—COO)mR2 (I), where R1 represents hydrogen or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 50 carbon atoms, R2 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and m represents a number from 2 to 10 and is smaller than or equal to the number of carbon atoms in R2, is reacted with at least one monohydric alcohol of formula (II) R3—OH (II), where R3 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 30 C atoms, using microwave radiation in a reaction tube, the longitudinal axis of which extends in the direction of propagation of the microwaves of a single-mode microwave applicator, so as to obtain at least one ester of formula (III) R1—COO—R3 (III), where R1 and R3 have the meanings indicated above.

Abstract: The invention provides terpolymers of ethylene, at least one ethylenically unsaturated ester and propene, which a) contain from 12.0 to 16.0 mol % of structural units derived from at least one ethylenically unsaturated ester, b) contain from 1.0 to 4.0 methyl groups derived from propene per 100 aliphatic carbon atoms, and c) have fewer than 6.5 methyl groups stemming from chain ends per 100 CH2 groups. and also their use as cold additives for middle distillates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for continuously carrying out chemical reactions. The device comprises a microwave generator, a microwave applicator accommodating a microwave-transparent tube, and an isothermal reaction section which is arranged such that the material to be reacted is guided inside the microwave-transparent tube through a microwave applicator which is used as the heating zone and in which it is heated to reaction temperature by means of microwaves that are emitted from the microwave generator into the microwave applicator. The material to be reacted, which is heated and optionally under pressure, is transferred from the microwave applicator to an isothermal reaction zone once it has left the heating zone, said reaction zone being arranged downstream of the heating zone, and is cooled once it has left the isothermal reaction zone.

Abstract: The invention provides additive mixtures comprising A) at least one terpolymer of ethylene, propene and at least one ethylenically unsaturated ester, which i) contains from 6.0 to 12.0 mol % of structural units derived from at least one ethylenically unsaturated ester having a C1- to C3-alkyl radical, ii) contains from 0.5 to 4.0 methyl groups derived from propene per 100 aliphatic carbon atoms, iii) has fewer than 8.0 methyl groups stemming from chain ends per 100 CH2 groups, and B) from 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, based on A), of at least one further component which is effective as a cold additive for mineral oils and is selected from B1) copolymers of ethylene and ethylenically unsaturated compounds whose content of ethylenically unsaturated compounds is at least 2 mol % higher than the content of ethylenically unsaturated esters in the terpolymer defined under A), B2) comb polymers, and B3) mixtures of B1) and B2), and also their use as a cold additive for middle distillates.

Abstract: The invention thus provides terpolymers of ethylene, at least one ethylenically unsaturated ester and propene, which have i) from 4.0 to 12.0 mol % of structural units derived from at least one ethylenically unsaturated ester having a C4- to C20-alkyl radical, ii) from 0.5 to 4.0 methyl groups derived from propene per 100 aliphatic carbon atoms, and iii) fewer than 8.0 methyl groups stemming from chain ends per 100 CH2 groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a polyester which bears hydroxyl groups and is preparable by polycondensation of a polyol containing two primary OH groups and at least one secondary OH group with a dicarboxylic acid or anhydride thereof or ester thereof bearing a C16- to C400-alkyl radical or a C16- to C400-alkenyl radical as an antifoulant in the thermal treatment of liquid hydrocarbon media in the temperature range from 100 to 550 DEG C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a continuous method for producing fatty acid amides, according to which at least one fatty acid of formula (I), R3—COOH??(I) wherein R3 is an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, is reacted with at least one amine of formula (II), HNR1R2??(II) wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical comprising between 1 and 100 C atoms, to form an ammonium salt, and said ammonium salt is then reacted to form a fatty acid amide, under microwave irradiation in a reaction pipe, the longitudinal axis of the pipe being oriented in the direction of propagation of the microwaves of a monomode microwave applicator.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymers carrying ester/hydroxyl groups, containing repetitive structural units of formulae (I) and (II) in a block-wise, alternating or statistical sequence, wherein D represents a direct bond between the polymer backbone and the hydroxyl group, a C1- to C6-alkene group, a C5- to C12-arylene group, an oxyalkene group of formula —O—R2—, an ester group of formula —C(O)—O—R2— or an amide group of formula —C(O)—N(R3)R2—, E represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 C-atoms, R2 represents a C2- to C10-alkene group, R3 represents hydrogen or a C1- to C10-alkyl group, which can carry substituents, k represents a number between 1 and 1000, n represents a number from 0 to 4999, m represents a number from 1 to 5000, and n+m represents a number between 10 to 5000, under the proviso that a) the molar portion of the structural units (I); on the polymer is between 0 and 99.9 mol-%, and b) the molar portion of the structural units (II) on the polymer is between 0.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of at least one oil-soluble compound B) which acts as a nucleating agent for paraffin crystallization and which is selected from ethylene copolymers and 2 to 10.5 mole % of at least one ethylenically unsaturated carbonic ester for improving the response of cold flow improvers for mineral oils C), which are different from B), in middle distillates that contain at least one ashless, nitrogenous detergent additive A), which is an oil-soluble, amphiphilic compound that comprises at least one alkyl or alkenyl group bound to a polar group, said alkyl or alkenyl group having 10 to 500 C atoms and the polar group having 2 or more nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of at least one oil-soluble compound B) which acts as a nucleating agent for paraffin crystallization and which is selected from substantially linear hydrocarbons with at least 22 C atoms, for improving the response of cold flow improvers for mineral oils C) in middle distillates that contain at least one ashless, nitrogenous detergent additive A), which is an oil-soluble, amphiphilic compound that comprises at least one alkyl or alkenyl group bound to a polar group, said alkyl or alkenyl group having 10 to 500 C atoms and the polar group having 2 or more nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of at least one oil-soluble olefin copolymer B) which acts as a nucleating agent for paraffin crystallization for improving the response of cold flow improvers for mineral oils C), which are different from B), in middle distillates that contain at least one ashless, nitrogenous detergent additive A), which is an oil-soluble, amphiphilic compound that comprises at least one alkyl or alkenyl group bound to a polar group, said alkyl or alkenyl group having 10 to 500 C atoms and the polar group having 2 or more nitrogen atoms.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a method for determining the H2S content arising during the warm storage of sulfur-containing crude and residual oils and mineral distillates containing sulfur-containing crude and/or residual oils, in which a sample of the sulfur-containing mineral oil is dissolved in a solvent or solvent mixture that boils at more than 200° C. and a carrier gas is caused to flow through the solution of the sulfur-containing mineral oil at temperatures above 80° C., and the quantity of hydrogen sulfide carried out with the carrier gas is analyzed quantitatively.

Abstract: The invention relates to dispersions comprising I) at least one polymer that is effective for mineral oils as a cold extrusion improver and is soluble in oil, II) at least one organic solvent that cannot be mixed with water, III) water, IV) at least one alkanolamine salt of a polycyclic carboxylic acid as a dispersing agent, and V) possibly at least one organic solvent that can be mixed with water.