Abstract: A method controls the operation of an electric motor. Wherein electrical voltages applied to electrical phases of the electric motor are produced and output in a controlled manner in a modulation on the basis of a rotor position of the electric motor, on the basis of a set point/actual comparison, which is performed in a control loop with a speed controller, for a speed of the electric motor and on the basis of a set point/actual comparison. A set point value at the input of the current regulator is formed by multiplying a present duty factor for the modulation by a first manipulated variable applied to the output of the speed controller. The first manipulated variable of the speed controller becomes an equivalent phase current root mean square value for the electric motor in the underlying current regulator by the multiplication by the present duty factor.

Abstract: A method controls the operation of an electric motor. Wherein electrical voltages applied to electrical phases of the electric motor are produced and output in a controlled manner in a modulation on the basis of a rotor position of the electric motor, on the basis of a set point/actual comparison, which is performed in a control loop with a speed controller, for a speed of the electric motor and on the basis of a set point/actual comparison. A set point value at the input of the current regulator is formed by multiplying a present duty factor for the modulation by a first manipulated variable applied to the output of the speed controller. The first manipulated variable of the speed controller becomes an equivalent phase current root mean square value for the electric motor in the underlying current regulator by the multiplication by the present duty factor.

Abstract: A motor vehicle monitoring apparatus has a controller as a component of a control loop for controlling the electric current of an actuator. The vehicle power supply system voltage of a motor vehicle voltage source is applied to the actuator. A correction unit is provided in the forward path of the control loop between the controller and a subordinate actuator element of the control loop and applies the actuation signal output by the controller with a correction factor which is proportional to the reciprocal value of the instantaneous vehicle power supply system voltage.

Abstract: A motor vehicle monitoring apparatus has a controller as a component of a control loop for controlling the electric current of an actuator. The vehicle power supply system voltage of a motor vehicle voltage source is applied to the actuator. A correction unit is provided in the forward path of the control loop between the controller and a subordinate actuator element of the control loop and applies the actuation signal output by the controller with a correction factor which is proportional to the reciprocal value of the instantaneous vehicle power supply system voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of acrylic acid (AA) comprising the steps wherein: a) a 1st gas mixture comprising propylene, oxygen, an inert gas and steam is subjected to a 1st catalytic oxidation reaction stage thereby converting the propylene in the presence of a catalyst mainly into acrolein being contained in a 2nd gas mixture from said 1st catalytic oxidation reaction, b) said 2nd gas mixture from the 1st catalytic oxidation reaction stage is subjected to a 2nd catalytic oxidation reaction stage thereby converting the acrolein in the presence of a catalyst mainly into AA, being contained in a product gas, c) said product gas is subjected to a quench tower, wherein said AA is recovered as an aqueous solution comprising said AA being contained in the process water, wherein a process vent gas is obtained at the top of said quench tower, wherein, said 1st gas mixture has a steam/propylene ratio of >0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of acrylic acid (AA) comprising the steps wherein: a) a 1st gas mixture comprising propylene, oxygen, an inert gas and steam is subjected to a 1st catalytic oxidation reaction stage thereby converting the propylene in the presence of a catalyst mainly into acrolein being contained in a 2nd gas mixture from said 1st catalytic oxidation reaction, b) said 2nd gas mixture from the 1st catalytic oxidation reaction stage is subjected to a 2nd catalytic oxidation reaction stage thereby converting the acrolein in the presence of a catalyst mainly into AA, being contained in a product gas, c) said product gas is subjected to a quench tower, wherein said AA is recovered as an aqueous solution comprising said AA being contained in the process water, wherein a process vent gas is obtained at the top of said quench tower, wherein, said 1st gas mixture has a steam/propylene ratio of >0.