Abstract: In accordance with the invention, an internal combustion engine having reciprocating piston sleeves is realized comprising an engine block with a pair of cylinders, each cylinder having an intake port, an exhaust port and two linearly opposing pistons connected to two opposing crankshafts. A pair of piston sleeves are reciprocatingly mounted in each cylinder, one piston sleeve around each piston. Each piston sleeve is connected to one of two eccentric shafts that run parallel and adjacent to each crankshaft. The piston sleeves have ported slots in communication with either the intake ports or the exhaust ports of each cylinder. The eccentric shafts are mechanically connected to the crankshafts such that they move in unison.

Abstract: A spark plug having a ground electrode defining a fire hole at least partially comprised of or coated with a material, such as platinum, adapted to create a plasma of fuel and air to increase burn efficiency. At least a portion of the internal side-wall of a base shell and ground electrode of the spark plug is comprised of or coated with platinum material. Electrical resistance of the spark plug may also be selected so that the generated spark will travel from the center electrode from the surface of an insulator and fill an air gap to the end of a ground prong so as to effectively clean the insulator of surface deposits.

Abstract: A spark plug having a fire hole at least partially comprised of or coated with a material, such as platinum, adapted to create a plasma of fuel and air to increase burn efficiency. At least a portion of the internal side-wall of a base shell of the spark plug is comprised of or coated with platinum material. Preferably, all exposed conductive portions within the combustion chamber are coated with or comprise of platinum material. Electrical resistence of the spark plug may also be selected so that the generated spark will travel from the center electrode from the surface of an insulator and fill an air gap to the end of a ground prong so as to effectively clean the insulator of surface deposits.

Abstract: A spark plug includes an elongated tubular housing with a central longitudinal axis and a terminal at one end and a base having an inner side wall opposite the terminal. A portion of the internal side wall is platinum-plated. An inner chamber is formed within the housing in which is mounted an insulator. At least a portion of the insulator extends from the base and tapers to a core nose. An electrode is embedded within the insulator, a tip of which protrudes from the insulator. Ground prongs extend from the base towards the central longitudinal axis of the housing to an end. The ground prongs may have sharp edges for increased spark presentation. A ground ring may be connected to the base, from which the ground prongs extend. Electrical resistance of the spark plug is selected so that the generated spark will travel from the center electrode to the surface of the insulator and through an air gap to an end of a ground prong.