Abstract: Peer-to-peer networks employing simple peers and super peers strike a balance between centralized (client-server based) and entirely flat peer-to-peer approaches. They introduce hierarchy into peer-to-peer networks in the form of super peer nodes, peers which have extra capabilities and duties in the network. There are problems in the identification and election of peers to take the role of super peer: in particular, the need for regular update messages to communicate peer availability across the network significantly impacts discovery times (when a simple peer attempts to advertise a service or requests a service from another peer). A presence server is implemented in the network in order to monitor the availability of each peer. A device called the “super peer elector” subscribes to receive updated availability information from the presence server and assigns super peer status to the most appropriate, and available, simple peer.

Abstract: In a mobile or cellular telecommunications network a single tunnel between nodes 7, 11, 15 and 19 of the network is established to transmit data on a plurality of bearers. Each bearer transmits data relating to a particular service. The respective bearers may be identified by identification data. The identification data may indicate the priority of the data in the particular bearer. The identification data may indicate the DiffServ Service Class, DSSC, as defined in RFC 4594.

Abstract: Peer-to-peer networks employing simple peers and super peers strike a balance between centralized (client-server based) and entirely flat peer-to-peer approaches. They introduce hierarchy into peer-to-peer networks in the form of super peer nodes, peers which have extra capabilities and duties in the network. There are problems in the identification and election of peers to take the role of super peer: in particular, the need for regular update messages to communicate peer availability across the network significantly impacts discovery times (when a simple peer attempts to advertise a service or requests a service from another peer). A presence server is implemented in the network in order to monitor the availability of each peer. A device called the “super peer elector” subscribes to receive updated availability information from the presence server and assigns super peer status to the most appropriate, and available, simple peer.

Abstract: In a mobile or cellular telecommunications network a single tunnel between nodes 7, 11, 15 and 19 of the network is established to transmit data on a plurality of bearers. Each bearer transmits data relating to a particular service. The respective bearers may be identified by identification data. The identification data may indicate the priority of the data in the particular bearer. The identification data may indicate the DiffServ Service Class, DSSC, as defined in RFC 4594.