Abstract: There is provided a method, comprising: obtaining signal quality information on a plurality of downlink (DL) signals of a cell; receiving, from a network node of the cell, condition information indicative of reception conditions at the network node; based on the signal quality information and the condition information, determining at least one parameter for performing a random access to the cell; performing, based on the determined at least one parameter, the random access to the cell on a set of uplink (UL) resources.

Abstract: An apparatus including at least one processor; and at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform: receiving a group common downlink control information signal, where the group common downlink control information signal comprises at least one waveform switching indication bit; and determining, based upon the at least one waveform switching indication bit, information configured to be used for determining waveform switching.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processing core and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processing core, cause the apparatus at least to determine whether each condition from among a set comprising at least one condition is fulfilled, based on the set of conditions being fulfilled, obtain a waveform selection indication from an element of a downlink control information element received in the apparatus from a network, and use, in at least one transmission or reception, a waveform selected based on the waveform selection indication, and based on the set of conditions not being fulfilled, use a default waveform, a previously used waveform or a currently used waveform in the at least one transmission or reception.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure there is provided an apparatus including means for determining an RO sequence for transmission of a first message with repetitions, wherein the first message is part of a random access procedure; means for transmitting the first message with repetitions over the determined RO sequence; means for generating RA-RNTI based on the determined RO sequence; and means for using the generated RA-RNTI in the random access procedure.

Abstract: Certain examples of the present disclosure provide a User Equipment, UE, 110 configured to: receive an identifier 202, wherein the identifier is configured to signal control information and/or configuration information respectively for triggering performance of an action and/or configuring the UE 110; determine 203, based at least in part on the received identifier, the control information and/or the configuration information; and perform 204 the action and/or configure the UE 110 in accordance with the determined control and/or the determined configuration information.

Abstract: Example embodiments provide a method for acknowledging switching of operation modes for a client device. The method comprises receiving, by a client device, a first indication comprising at least one of a first time duration, a period for repeating the first time duration or an indication of a list of at least two operation modes for the client device. The client device may be configured to receive a second indication comprising instructions for the dynamic switching of operation modes based on the list of at least two operation modes. The client device may be further configured to indicate the selected operation mode to a network device. Devices, methods, and computer programs are disclosed.

Abstract: To enable at least dynamic waveform switching, at least one predefined bit, in a downlink control information comprising scheduling information for at least one uplink transmission, may have a first preset purpose and a second preset purpose. One or more preset first rules may be applied to determine whether to use the at least one predefined bit for the first preset purpose or for the second preset purpose. When the second preset purpose is used, at least a waveform for the at least one uplink transmission amongst waveforms comprising at least a first waveform and a second waveform is determined, according to one or more preset second rules, based on a value of the at least one predefined bit. The waveform determined is then used in the uplink transmission scheduled.

Abstract: To enable dynamic waveform switching, one or more instructions on how to determine a waveform amongst at least a first waveform and a second waveform for at least one uplink transmission based at least on frequency domain resource allocation for the at least one uplink transmission may be transmitted in a network, or apparatuses may comprise one or more of the one or more instructions. The one or more instructions associate at least resource block regions with waveforms. The one or more instructions may be applied to determine, based on a frequency domain resource allocation for an uplink transmission, a waveform for the uplink transmission at least according to a resource block region in the frequency domain resource allocation. The waveform determined is then used in the uplink transmission.

Abstract: There is provided a method and apparatus for receiving, from a network node, a configuration being indicative of at least one first threshold value for distinguishing between numbers of repetition of transmission, and at least one offset value for the at least one first threshold. And further for measuring power values of synchronization signal block beams; selecting a beam based on the measured power values; determining a number of repetitions of transmission of a first message based on at least a mapping between number of repetitions and power values of synchronization signal block beams, the at least one first threshold value, the at least one offset value, and at least one condition; and transmitting, to the network node, the first message using the determined number of repetitions on the selected beam.

Abstract: Devices, methods and computer programs for client device operation mode indication are disclosed. A client device obtains a first indication indicating at least a time duration and at least a first period for repeating the time duration. A downlink control information, DCI, received within the indicated time duration includes a second indication indicating a second operation mode of the client device, and the second indication is not included when the DCI is received outside of the indicated time duration. In response to receiving, at the client device, the DCI from a network node device within the indicated time duration, the client device determines the second operation mode of the client device based on the received second indication, and applies the determined second operation mode of the client device.

Abstract: A method for performing multiple-input and multiple-output channel estimation includes: generating, using a first machine-learning model, an initial set of estimated channel information from a first input set of channel information, wherein the first input set of channel information corresponds to a first plurality of radio-frequency chains, and wherein the estimated set of channel information corresponds to the first plurality of radio-frequency chains and a second plurality of radio-frequency chains; generating, using a second machine-learning model, a set of estimated channel phases from the initial set of estimated channel information and a second input set of channel information, wherein the second set of input channel information corresponds to the second plurality of radio-frequency chains; and combining the initial set of estimated channel information and the set of estimated channel phases to generate an enhanced set of estimated channel information.

Abstract: In accordance with example embodiments of the invention there is at least a method and apparatus to perform determining, by a network device of a communication network, random access channel parameters for random access to the communication network; based on the random access channel parameters, deriving a set of random access channel occasions in a time domain and frequency domain; based on the derived set of random access channel occasions, mapping or causing mapping of at least one synchronization signal block index to a number of at least one random access channel occasion of the set of random access channel occasions in at least one of the time domain or the frequency domain, wherein the mapping is based on a; and sending towards a network node of the communication network Msg1 preamble repetitions using at least part of the number of at least one random access channel occasions.

Abstract: An apparatus including: a plurality of antenna panels for receiving beams; circuitry for receiving reference signals; circuitry for determining, based on measurements of said reference signals, a first parameter indicative of at least channel quality for a beam on each antenna panel, wherein a value of said first parameter is determined for each antenna panel according to a predetermined beam scanning procedure; circuitry for determining, at least for a plurality of non-serving antenna panels, a value of a second parameter based on a difference of values of the first parameters between a beam on a serving antenna panel and a beam on a particular non-serving antenna panel; and circuitry for pausing, based on the determined values of the first and/or the second parameter, the predetermined beam scanning procedure for one or more antenna panels.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method comprising, detecting a maximum permissible exposure event or that the maximum permissible exposure event is potential, determining at least one beam for a contention-free random access based beam failure recovery procedure, wherein the at least one beam is affected, or will be affected, by the maximum permissible exposure event and transmitting to a wireless network node at least one indication about the at least one beam.

Abstract: Various example embodiments may relate to relate to transmission of random access preambles in non-terrestrial networks. An apparatus may estimate a location of the apparatus; determine a quality of the estimated location; determine, based on the location of the apparatus, a plurality of frequency pre-compensation values for accessing a non-terrestrial network, in response to determining that the quality of the estimated location meets a condition for applying multiple frequency pre-compensation values for accessing the non-terrestrial network; and transmit a plurality of random access preambles corresponding to the plurality of frequency pre-compensation values.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for differentiating between user equipment, having different capabilities are provided. One method may include transmitting, by a user equipment, a first transmission to a network node. The method may include indicating at least one type of the user equipment. For example, the indicating may include at least one of transmitting the first transmission on a frequency resource that has been modified in frequency domain from an allocated frequency resource by a shifting factor, and/or transmitting the first transmission on the allocated frequency resource and power scaling at least one resource element of the allocated resource.

Abstract: In accordance with example embodiments of the invention there is at least a method and apparatus to perform determining, by a network device of a communication network, that to monitor physical downlink control channel candidates of two or more control resource sets of the communication network, wherein the two or more control resource sets are using different QCL-TypeD; and selecting at least two control resource sets of the two or more control resource sets with different QCL-TypeD for monitoring at least two of the physical downlink control channel candidates.

Abstract: A kinetic energy harvesting device implementing a half-wave mechanical motion rectification (HMMR) mechanism is described. The energy harvesting device may include an energy harvesting railroad tie, where the tie includes a tie housing configured to be coupled to at least one rail. The tie housing includes at least one spring and at least one energy harvester. The at least one energy harvester includes a generator having an output shaft, a gearhead, a ball screw or other motion transmission, and a one-way clutch. Under a force of a passing wheel on the at least one rail, the at least one energy harvester is compressed, which causes a rotation of the ball screw or other motion transmission, a rotation of the output shaft, and a transmission of torque to a shaft of the gearhead, driving the generator in a unidirectional rotation to generate electrical power via the one-way clutch.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and computer program products for a user equipment receiving CSI-RS and computing channel support information. Based on the CSI, the UE derives tap locations of channel support, depending on the observed channel and used subcarrier spacing. The deriving can additionally be done in relation to power class and window size. The UE apprises a base station of those tap locations of the channel support and also informs the base station of the strongest tap locations, which can be done in various ways comprising a bit mask. Methods, apparatus, and computer program products for a base station to send CSI-RS to a UE for computing CSI feedback. The CSI-RS resources can be for one or multiple transmit receive points. The base station receives back an indication of tap locations and a bit mask and builds information on tap locations by combining that received indication and bit mask.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for differentiating between user equipment, having different capabilities are provided. One method may include transmitting, by a user equipment, a first transmission to a network node. The method may include indicating at least one type of the user equipment. For example, the indicating may include at least one of transmitting the first transmission on a frequency resource that has been modified in frequency domain from an allocated frequency resource by a shifting factor, and/or transmitting the first transmission on the allocated frequency resource and power scaling at least one resource element of the allocated resource.