Abstract: A water treatment assembly is provided. The assembly includes a source generating a flow to be purified; a solar evaporation unit; a transfer duct; a heating device of the transfer duct; and a mechanical ventilation device provided to ensure a forced air circulation in the solar evaporation unit.

Abstract: A nuclear power station component is provided. The nuclear power station includes a metal structure having an external surface; at least one marking placed on the external surface and encoding information related to the component. The marking includes a plurality of luminescent nanoparticles, each provided to emit optical radiation having a certain emission wavelength when said luminescent nanoparticle is excited with optical radiation having a certain emission wavelength.

Abstract: A nuclear reactor is provided that includes a core with nuclear fuel assemblies; a circuit for cooling the core in which circulates a fluid coolant; and a device provided for injecting nanoparticles into the fluid coolant. The nanoparticles include first nanoparticles of a first type having a first form factor of less than two, and second nanoparticles of a second type different from the first type having a second form factor greater than two, the nanoparticles comprising between 10% and 90% by weight of the first nanoparticles and between 90% and 10% by weight of the second nanoparticles.

Abstract: A nuclear power station component is provided. The nuclear power station includes a metal structure having an external surface; at least one marking placed on the external surface and encoding information related to the component. The marking includes a plurality of luminescent nanoparticles, each provided to emit optical radiation having a certain emission wavelength when said luminescent nanoparticle is excited with optical radiation having a certain emission wavelength.

Abstract: A tubular pipe (10) for transporting liquid sodium is suitable for inhibiting any leaks of sodium outside the pipe. The pipe includes a pipe body (20) covered on the inside with an inner layer which includes: a first continuous layer (40) made of ceramic or a metal or metal alloy, for being placed in contact with the liquid sodium carried by the tubular pipe; and between the pipe body and the first ceramic layer, an intermediate layer (50) made of a reactive material which, when the layer contacts the liquid sodium, the layer turns into a modified material which has separate electric conductivity from that of the reactive material.

Abstract: A collector is provided including at least one photovoltaic cell for converting solar energy into electric energy, and at least one heat sink for converting solar energy into heat energy by heating a fluid, arranged so as to receive solar energy through the photovoltaic cell. The photovoltaic cell includes a plurality of vertically adjacent semiconductor junctions having different forbidden energy bands, each semiconductor junction having a forbidden energy band of greater than or equal to 1.2 eV, in particular greater than or equal to 1.4 eV.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of forming conductive members in an integrated circuit comprising the steps of depositing a first dielectric layer on a substrate; depositing a first conductive layer; depositing a second dielectric layer; forming cavities extending at least partially through the first dielectric layer; forming a second conductive layer on internal surfaces of the cavities; and electrolytically depositing another conductive material within the cavities.

Abstract: This invention relates to a radical solution for nuclear magnetic resonance magnetometry, having resistance to magnetic field gradients over a wide temperature range. This solution consists of a nitroxide radical with the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be identical or different, represent an alkyl group or an alkoxy group which may be deuterated, or in which the R.sup.1 -R.sup.2 and/or R.sup.3 -R.sup.4 couples together form a cycloalklyl or polycycloalkyl group which may be deuterated, and N represents .sup.14 N or .sup.15 N,dissolved in a solvent consisting of a dimethyl ether with the formula:CH.sub.3 O(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O)n CH.sub.3 (II)in which n equals 3 or 4.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solution containing a nitroxide radical for magnetometry by nuclear magnetic resonance. This solution is constituted by a nitroxide radical of formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which can be the same or different, represent an alkyl group or an alkoxy group which may be deuterated, or in which the pairs R.sup.1 -R.sup.2 and/or R.sup.3 -R.sup.4 together form an optionally deuterated cycloalkyl or polycycloalkyl group, and N represent .sup.14 N or .sup.15 N, dissolved in a solvent having an oxidizing power and an appropriate viscosity.The solvent can be constituted by a mixture of water and two compounds respectively playing the part of the oxidizing agent and viscosity modifying agent, e.g. water, ethylene glycol and NalO.sub.4, or can be solely constituted by a mixture of water and an oxidizing agent able to modify the viscosity, such as acetic acid.

Abstract: A probe for detecting and dosing molecular oxygen by the electronic paramagnetic resonance spectrometry of a sample of lithium phthalocyanine in contact with the atmosphere to be tested. The probe includes a fixed glass tube with the shape of a hairpin, traversed by a flow of an atmosphere to be tested. The top of the tube contains a chamber with porous walls traversed by the flow of the atmosphere to be tested. The chamber contains the phthalocyanine sample and is surrounded by the spires of an electronic resonance detector trip coil. A movable magnet surrounds the tube and is provided with windings to create a continuous field for polarizing the phthalocyanine sample.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the detection or determination of molecular oxygen by EPR spectrometry using radical lithium phthalocyanines and a composition usable for in vivo determination. In the process, a medium is contacted with a radical lithium phthalocyanine in accordance with the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.10, R.sup.11, R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 represent an alkyl or an alkoxy radical group with 1-3 carbon atoms and R.sup.1, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.12, R.sup.13 and R.sup.16 represent a hydrogen or deuterium atom, and the EPR signal of the radical lithium phthalocyanine in contact with the medium is examined.

Abstract: Use in magnetometry by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of tetracyanoquinodimethane derivatives in accordance with the formula: ##STR1## in which AH.sup.+ is a cation derived from a heterocyclic aromatic base having at least three aromatic rings and a single NH.sup.+ group included in at least one of the rings, AH.sup.+ being e.g. acridinium or benzoquinolinium.

Abstract: The invention relates to the preparation of a radical cation salt of formula:(Ar).sub.2 .multidot.+X.sup.-in which Ar is an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon and X.sup.- an anion chosen from among AsF.sub.6 -, SbF.sub.6 -, ClO.sub.4 -, Pf.sub.6 -, BF.sub.4 - and ((BC.sub.6 H.sub.5).sub.4) by the electrochemical reaction of a solution of Ar in an organic solvent with a quaternary ammonium salt incorporating the anion X.sup.-. The organic solvent is an alkyl formate, such as methyl or ethyl formate.The radical cation salt can be used in an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) magnetometer, which comprises a tube (21) containing said salt (27) and a material able to absorb water and e.g. constituted by particles of a molecular sieve (23) mixed with alumina powder (25).

Abstract: The invention relates to novel radical lithium phthalocyanine crystals, their preparation process and their use for in vivo determination of molecular oxygen.These radical lithium phthalocyanine crystals comply with the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which can be the same or different, represent a deuterium or hydrogen atom having a tetragonal crystalline structure belonging to the space group P4/mcc.They are usable for in vivo oxygen determination by EPR spectrometry.

Abstract: The invention concerns an octasubstituted lithium phthalocyanine responding to the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8, which are identical or different, represent an alkyl or alcoxy radical, possibly substituted by fluorine, and M represents Li or Li.sub.2.When M represents Li, this involves a lithium phthalocyanine octasubstituted like a radical which can be used in electronic paramagnetic resonance magnetometry.In this case, the substituents are preferably all identical and represent the methyl or methoxy radical.