Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for treatment of wastewaters in a membrane bioreactor comprising a mixture of inorganic coagulants and organic water soluble polymer(s), wherein the inorganic coagulants are selected from iron and/or aluminium containing compounds and the organic water soluble polymers are selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic, nonionic polymers, polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds and any combination thereof. The present invention further relates to a method for treating of wastewaters in a membrane bioreactor, and uses thereof.

Abstract: In a water treatment system, a pretreatment chemical is added to water stream in a pretreatment process including a coagulation, flocculation and separation to reduce amount of dissolved and/or particulate matter in the water stream. Hydrophobic conditions in the water stream are monitored upstream or downstream from adding the pretreatment chemicals. Dosing of the pretreatment chemical to the water stream is controlled based on the monitored hydrophobic conditions. Thereby a membrane fouling in subsequent membrane filtration stage can be minimized.

Abstract: The present embodiments generally relate to the treatment of produced water comprising one or more water soluble polymers, wherein such treatment comprises: adding to the produced water at least one iron complex; and degrading at least a portion of the one or more water soluble polymers. This treatment may result in a reduction of the viscosity of said produced water and/or the degradation of the water soluble polymers which are contained therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microbial fuel cell arrangement comprising a cell reactor. The cell reactor comprises a membrane, which has an active surface and a support surface, as well as a pore size of ?10 nm and/or a divalent ion rejection of ?50%; an anode and a cathode, which are connected with each other through an external electrical circuit; an influent inlet for liquid medium arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and at least one permeate outlet arranged at the support surface side of the membrane; an influent line connected to the influent inlet; a concentrate outlet, arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and connected to a concentrate line; and pressurisation means for creating pressure difference between the active surface side and support surface side of the membrane. The invention relates also to a method for operating a microbial fuel cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring deposit formation in a process having an aqueous flow is provided. According to exemplary embodiments, a feed flow of an aqueous liquid is provided onto a receiving surface to be monitored. At least part of a receiving surface is illuminated with at least one light source. Visual data is collected across the receiving surface and analyzed. The quality and type of deposition attached to the receiving surface is classified based on information obtained from the analyzed visual data, and a quantitative scaling and/or fouling indication is computed based on the classification.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microbial fuel cell, which comprises a cell reactor, a cathode arranged on a cathode side of the cell reactor, and an anode arranged on an anode side of the cell reactor. The cathode and anode are connected with each other through an external circuit. Further the cell reactor comprises a proton permeable membrane, which is arranged between the anode and cathode, and which divides the cell reactor into the anode side and the cathode side. The membrane comprises a membrane core having a pore size of ?10 nm and/or divalent rejection ?50% and a hydrophilic polymeric surface layer on at least one side of the membrane core and attached permanently to the membrane core. The invention relates also to the use of the microbial fuel cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for treatment of wastewaters in a membrane bioreactor comprising a mixture of inorganic coagulants and organic water soluble polymer(s), wherein the inorganic coagulants are selected from iron and/or aluminium containing compounds and the organic water soluble polymers are selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic, nonionic polymers, polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds and any combination thereof. The present invention further relates to a method for treating of wastewaters in a membrane bioreactor, and uses thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preventing microbial growth on a filtration membrane during desalination process. The method comprises that the membrane is exposed to a low concentration of performic acid by continuously or intermittently introducing performic acid to the membrane surface. When performic acid is added according to the present invention to the water flow, there is no significant reduction in the water flux through the membrane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a use of a reversible molten salt for separating hydrocarbons, such as crude bitumen and/or heavy crude oil, from material comprising mineral solids. The invention relates also to a method comprising at least the steps of: (a) bringing a liquid phase comprising a reversible molten salt, preferably a reversible ionic liquid, in a contact with mineral solids comprising hydrocarbons and extracting hydrocarbons to the liquid phase from the mineral solids; (b) separating the mineral solids phase from the liquid phase, which comprises molten salt and hydrocarbons; (c) separating hydrocarbons from the liquid phase comprising molten salt; and (d) recycling the liquid phase comprising molten salt to step (a).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a covalently functionalized coated magnetic nanoparticle and to said particles and uses thereof. The preparation method includes forming a shell of a hydrophilic polymer coating layer on top of a magnetic metal core coated with a carbon coating. In the method a particle comprising a magnetic metal core coated with a carbon coating is provided. The surface of the particle is subjected to covalent functionalization by generating amino reactive groups via diazonium chemistry and subsequently an irreversible attachment of an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator is carried out on said surface. A hydrophilic polymer layer is formed) by a surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) reaction with a monomer comprising N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for reducing fouling in a microbial fuel cell. The method comprises feeding of an influent comprising organic substance(s) into the microbial fuel cell (MFC), which comprises an anode and a cathode connected through an external electrical circuit with each other. Organic substance(s) are converted into electrical energy in the microbial fuel cell by using microorganisms, such as exoelectrogenic bacteria, and a treated flow is removed from the microbial fuel cell. A cleaning agent composition is fed simultaneously with the influent to the microbial fuel cell. The invention relates also to the cleaning agent composition and its use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a use of a reversible molten salt for separating hydrocarbons, such as crude bitumen and/or heavy crude oil, from material comprising mineral solids. The invention relates also to a method comprising at least the steps of: (a) bringing a liquid phase comprising a reversible molten salt, preferably a reversible ionic liquid, in a contact with mineral solids comprising hydrocarbons and extracting hydrocarbons to the liquid phase from the mineral solids; (b) separating the mineral solids phase from the liquid phase, which comprises molten salt and hydrocarbons; (c) separating hydrocarbons from the liquid phase comprising molten salt; and (d) recycling the liquid phase comprising molten salt to step (a).

Abstract: Method for detecting transparent exopolymer particles in a water sample. The method comprises step of obtaining a water sample and introducing a fluorochromatic reagent to the water sample. The fluorochromatic reagent is specific to vicinal hydroxide groups of transparent exopolymer particles, whereby the fluorescence signal of the reagent changes when it comes into contact with transparent exopolymer particles, i.e. TEP. Finally the fluorescence signal from the water sample is detected and the TEP level of the sample is determined.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preventing microbial growth on a filtration membrane during desalination process. The method comprises that the membrane is exposed to a low concentration of performic acid by continuously or intermittently introducing performic acid to the membrane surface. When performic acid is added according to the present invention to the water flow, there is no significant reduction in the water flux through the membrane.