Abstract: A method is disclosed to secure the operation of a vehicle. To detect any tampering during the communication of information or command, encrypting and authenticating devices are placed on the two ends of a communication channel. On the first end, an encryption device generates a first packet by encrypting the information using a random variable. The first packet and the information are communicated to the second end of the communication channel. On the second end, the authenticating device generates its own packet by encrypting the information using the random variable; then it compares the two packets and pronounces the information authentic if the two packets are identical. Any tampering with the information or the first packet will be detected and blocked by the authenticating device. Secured sensor and secure actuator are also provided.

Abstract: A method is disclosed to secure the operation of a vehicle. To detect any tampering during the communication of information or command, encrypting and authenticating devices are placed on the two ends of a communication channel. On the first end, an encryption device generates a first packet by encrypting the information using a random variable. The first packet and the information are communicated to the second end of the communication channel. On the second end, the authenticating device generates its own packet by encrypting the information using the random variable; then it compares the two packets and pronounces the information authentic if the two packets are identical. Any tampering with the information or the first packet will be detected and blocked by the authenticating device. Secured sensor and secure actuator are also provided.

Abstract: Authentication of a product could be accomplished by utilizing encryption and decryption engines onboard two integrated circuits namely a DECENC chip and a READER chip. A unique serial number in either an encrypted or un-encrypted format is programmed into eFuses, or OTP devices on board the DECENC chip where this chip is then attached to the product. During the authentication procedure, the encrypted and decrypted serial number on board the DECENC chip is transferred to the READER chip. The READER chip subsequently performs a decryption of the serial number from the first chip if this serial number is in encrypted form or performs an encryption of the serial number from the first chip if this serial number is in un-encrypted form. The READER chip then compares its result of decryption or encryption against the corresponding decrypted or encrypted versions of the serial number received from the DECENC chip.

Abstract: A linearly polarized light is used to probe the detailed structure of a specimen. A reference light is also generated whose amplitude matches the amplitude of the diffracted light from the specimen. The reference light could either be generated from the light source itself as it is reflected off from a mirror through a light attenuator, or could as well be generated off from the reflected/transmitted light from/through the specimen passing through a light attenuator. The light from the specimen is retarded by a quarter-wave with respect to the reference light and the two lights are then passed through another polarizer/analyzer which allows the reference light and the diffracted light from the specimen to pass through while removing the background light. The diffracted light from the specimen, which carries the phase information of the underlying specimen's structure, is modulated by the reference light. The modulation is then recorded on an image sensor such as CCD.

Abstract: Authentication of a product could be accomplished by utilizing encryption and decryption engines onboard two integrated circuits namely a DECENC chip and a READER chip. A unique serial number in either an encrypted or un-encrypted format is programmed into eFuses, or OTP devices on board the DECENC chip where this chip is then attached to the product. During the authentication procedure, the encrypted and decrypted serial number on board the DECENC chip is transferred to the READER chip. The READER chip subsequently performs a decryption of the serial number from the first chip if this serial number is in encrypted form or performs an encryption of the serial number from the first chip if this serial number is in un-encrypted form. The READER chip then compares its result of decryption or encryption against the corresponding decrypted or encrypted versions of the serial number received from the DECENC chip.

Abstract: A real time imaging system is described which displays subcutaneous veins whereby facilitating diagnosis, inspection and easy intravenous access for administration of drugs. The imaging system comprises an infrared source (1), a pinhole focusing unit (7), an infrared Focal Plane Array (8), and a display unit (10). The infrared source (1) emits infrared light which penetrates and is subsequently scattered differently at different layers and depths of the anatomical structure (11) while substantially being absorbed by the blood vessels. Reflected light (4) from the anatomical structure (11) contains the imaging information of the subcutaneous blood vessels of the anatomical structure (11) which is then focused by said pinhole focusing unit (7) upon said infrared Focal Plane Array (8). The image captured by said infrared Focal Plane Array is then displayed on the display unit (10).

Abstract: An optical head comprising of a laser source, a collimating lens, a focusing lens, a beam splitter, two polarizers, a quarter wave retarder, three detector lenses, and three photo detectors can be used to detect the polarization change of reflected light from an optical memory. Linear polarized light emerging from the laser source is collimated by the collimating lens and then is focused through the beam splitter and focus lens on the optical memory. Reflected light, which is elliptically polarized upon reflection from optical memory, is subdivided by the beam splitter into three parts: The first part goes through the quarter wave phase retarder followed by a polarizer whose transmission axis is set at 45 degrees, to reach a photo detector through a detector lens. The second part goes through a second polarizer, which has its transmission axis also set at 45 degrees, and then through the second detector lens to reach another photo detector.