Abstract: In certain examples, methods and semiconductor structures are directed to an apparatus including a photon emitter such as an LED which operates over an emission wavelength range and a photo-voltaic device arranged relative to the photon emitter to provide index-matched optical coupling between the photo-voltaic device and the photon emitter for an emission wavelength range of the photon emitter.

Abstract: In certain examples, methods, apparatuses and semiconductor-related structures are directed to nighttime-like electrical power generation by use of a spectro-angular selective emitter as an optimal radiative cooler and a thermoelectric power generator (TEG) having a hot side and a cold side. The cold side may be coupled to the spectro-angular selective emitter which is directed to or facing an atmosphere characterized by an absence of solar light. Power may be generated via the TEG based on energy directed from the spectro-angular selective emitter and by controlling or limiting ability of the spectro-angular selective emitter to absorb heat power at frequencies and/or angles where emission of the atmosphere is dominant.

Abstract: A monitoring system and method are presented for use in monitoring a target. The monitoring system comprises: an input utility for receiving input data comprising measured data indicative of optical response of the target measured under predetermined conditions and comprising phase data indicative of a two-dimensional profile of full phase of the optical response of the target in a predetermined two-dimensional parametric space including a two-dimensional range in which said target exhibits phase singularity; an analyzer module for processing said measured data and extracting at least one phase singularity signature of the target characterizing the target status, the phase singularity signature being formed by a number N of phase singularity points, each corresponding to a condition that the physical phase continuously accumulates a nonzero integer multiple m of 2? around said point.

Abstract: In certain examples, methods and semiconductor structures are directed to an apparatus including a photon emitter such as an LED which operates over an emission wavelength range and a photo-voltaic device arranged relative to the photon emitter to provide index-matched optical coupling between the photo-voltaic device and the photon emitter for an emission wavelength range of the photon emitter.

Abstract: A monitoring system and method are presented for use in monitoring a target. The monitoring system comprises: an input utility for receiving input data comprising measured data indicative of optical response of the target measured under predetermined conditions and comprising phase data indicative of a two-dimensional profile of full phase of the optical response of the target in a predetermined two-dimensional parametric space including a two-dimensional range in which said target exhibits phase singularity; an analyzer module for processing said measured data and extracting at least one phase singularity signature of the target characterizing the target status, the phase singularity signature being formed by a number N of phase singularity points, each corresponding to a condition that the physical phase continuously accumulates a nonzero integer multiple m of 2? around said point.

Abstract: Imaging apparatus (26) includes an image sensor (30), configured to capture an image of radiation at a target wavelength that is incident on a front surface of the image sensor. A metasurface (28) having a negative permittivity and a negative permeability at the target wavelength is fixed to the front surface of the image sensor.

Abstract: According to first aspect, system for remote monitoring object in predefined space comprising: sonar module and radar module mutually coupled for simultaneously acquiring data about object; processing subsystem configured to: control the sonar module and the radar module; process data; communicate information and instructions with external device. According to second aspect, system for proximity monitoring an object comprising: an array of non-contact sensors simultaneously acquiring data, wherein the data comprising vitals and position of the object; processing subsystem configured to: control array; process data; communicate information and instructions with external device. According to third aspect, a monitoring system comprising: one remote system; one proximity system; SONDAR server; and one control console.

Abstract: A plasmonic lens is presented comprising a surface for interaction with an input electromagnetic field, wherein this surface has a pattern comprising an arrangement of a plurality of elongated spaced-apart features of a predetermined geometry arranged in a spaced-apart relationship along at least one segment of a spiral curve, each of the pattern features defining an elongated interface for creation of surface waves in response to the interaction with the incident electromagnetic field, such that the pattern provides linear-polarization-independent plasmonic focusing and large area, high contrast, circular polarization dichroic plasmonic focusing.

Abstract: Imaging apparatus (26) includes an image sensor (30), configured to capture an image of radiation at a target wavelength that is incident on a front surface of the image sensor. A metasurface (28) having a negative permittivity and a negative permeability at the target wavelength is fixed to the front surface of the image sensor.

Abstract: A plasmonic lens is presented comprising a surface for interaction with an input electromagnetic field, wherein this surface has a pattern comprising an arrangement of a plurality of elongated spaced-apart features of a predetermined geometry arranged in a spaced-apart relationship along at least one segment of a spiral curve, each of the pattern features defining an elongated interface for creation of surface waves in response to the interaction with the incident electromagnetic field, such that the pattern provides linear-polarization-independent plasmonic focusing and large area, high contrast, circular polarization dichroic plasmonic focusing.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an optical ring resonator, first and second optical couplers, and control circuitry. The first optical coupler is configured to modulate an input optical signal traversing an optical waveguide, by tuning cross-coupling of energy between the optical waveguide and the ring resonator with a first variable coupling coefficient. The second optical coupler is configured to tune cross-coupling of energy between the ring resonator and an auxiliary optical signal, different from the input optical signal, with a second variable coupling coefficient. The control circuitry is configured to modulate the first coupling coefficient with a first control signal so as to modulate the input optical signal, and to modulate the second coupling coefficient with a second control signal, so as to retain a constant electrical-field complex envelope in the ring resonator.

Abstract: A system for optical coherence tomography (OCT) is disclosed. The system comprises an optical interferometer apparatus configured to split an optical beam into a reference beam directed to a reference reflector and a sample beam directed to a sample, and to combine a reflected beam from the reference reflector with a returning beam from the sample to form a combined optical signal. The system further comprises a two photon detector configured to detect the combined optical signal by two photon absorption and to provide a corresponding electrical signal, a frequency separation system configured to separate a low frequency component from the electrical signal, and a data processor configured for providing a topographic reconstruction of the sample based, at least in part, on the low frequency component.

Abstract: A semiconductor device which produces at least 1 W/m2 two photon emission power per area, when operating at one or more temperatures greater than 20 K.

Abstract: An optical device includes a substrate, a metallic layer, a dielectric filling and a light collection element. The substrate has first and second opposite surfaces, and has a funnel-shaped cavity between a first aperture on the first surface and a second aperture on the second surface. The metallic layer covers an inner wall of the funnel-shaped cavity. The dielectric filling is disposed over the metallic layer and fills the funnel-shaped cavity. The light collection element is coupled to the second aperture, and is configured to collect light that impinges on the first aperture and is directed to the second aperture by the metallic layer and dielectric filling.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an optical ring resonator, first and second optical couplers, and control circuitry. The first optical coupler is configured to modulate an input optical signal traversing an optical waveguide, by tuning cross-coupling of energy between the optical waveguide and the ring resonator with a first variable coupling coefficient. The second optical coupler is configured to tune cross-coupling of energy between the ring resonator and an auxiliary optical signal, different from the input optical signal, with a second variable coupling coefficient. The control circuitry is configured to modulate the first coupling coefficient with a first control signal so as to modulate the input optical signal, and to modulate the second coupling coefficient with a second control signal, so as to retain a constant electrical-field complex envelope in the ring resonator.

Abstract: A system for measuring one or more characteristics of light of a photon energy Eph from a light source, that can be determined from measuring three-photon absorption events, the system comprising: a) a detector having a band gap material characterized by gap energy between 2.1 and 3 times Eph; b) an optical element configured to concentrate a beam of light from the light source on the detector; c) a signal amplifier that amplifies an output signal indicative of when three photons produced by the light source undergo a three-photon absorption event in the band gap material; and d) an analyzer that analyzes the output signal to count or measure a rate of the three-photon absorption events, and determines the one or more characteristics of the light from the light source.

Abstract: The present invention introduces a new technique allowing the fabrication of high-aspect ratio nanoscale semiconductor structures and local device modifications using FIB technology. The unwanted semiconductor sputtering in the beam tail region prevented by a thin slow-sputter-rate layer which responds much slower and mostly to the high-intensity ion beam center, thus acting as a saturated absorber funnel-like mask for the semiconductor. The protective layer can be deposited locally using FIB, thus enabling this technique for local device modifications, which is impossible using existing technology. Furthermore, such protective layers allow much higher resolution and nanoscale milling can be achieved with very high aspect ratios, e.g. Ti layer results in aspect ratio higher than 10 versus bare semiconductor milling ratio of about 3.

Abstract: A semiconductor, room-temperature, electrically excited, two-photon device with thick optically active layer is provided. The intrinsic AlGaAs active layer is sandwiched between two intrinsic graded waveguide layers having increased aluminum concentration at increased distance from the active layer. The waveguide structure is sandwiched between two cladding layers of high aluminum concentration, n and p doped respectively. The structure is epitaxially grown on a substrate and further comprises other layers such as buffer, graded layers and contact layers. An etched ridge provides lateral confinement for light. The device provides two-photons gain and may be used in light sources, optical amplifiers, pulse compressors and lasers.

Abstract: A miniature medical spectrometer is provided, the spectrometer comprises: a room temperature, electrically excited, solid state two photon laser generating high intensity broad wavelength; a light projection optics, projecting said generated light on biological subject; a light collection optics, collecting reflected light from said biological subject; a wavelength selector spectrally analyzing said collected light; a detector, detecting said analyzed light; and a controller analyzing the reflected spectra and calculating result indicative of the medical state of the biological subject based on said spectrum.

Abstract: A system for measuring one or more characteristics of light of a photon energy Eph from a light source, that can be determined from measuring three-photon absorption events, the system comprising: a) a detector having a band gap material characterized by gap energy between 2.1 and 3 times Eph; b) an optical element configured to concentrate a beam of light from the light source on the detector; c) a signal amplifier that amplifies an output signal indicative of when three photons produced by the light source undergo a three-photon absorption event in the band gap material; and d) an analyzer that analyzes the output signal to count or measure a rate of the three-photon absorption events, and determines the one or more characteristics of the light from the light source.