Patents by Inventor Menachem Elimelech
Menachem Elimelech has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 10179312Abstract: The present invention relates to a method including reacting a solution of a salt of a biocidal metal with an active layer of water purification membrane, discarding the biocidal metal salt solution such that a thin layer of the biocidal metal salt solution remains on the membrane surface, reacting a reducing agent solution with the active layer of the membrane and the thin layer of the biocidal metal salt solution thereby forming a biocidal metal nanoparticle-modified membrane, removing the reducing agent solution, and rinsing the biocidal metal nanoparticle-modified membrane.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 2015Date of Patent: January 15, 2019Assignee: Yale UniversityInventors: Menachem Elimelech, Moshe Ben-Sasson
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Patent number: 9822021Abstract: Separation processes using forward osmosis are disclosed generally involving the extraction of a solvent from a first solution to concentrate a solute therein by using a second concentrated solution to draw the solvent from the first solution across a semi-permeable membrane. One or both of the solute and solvent may be a desired product. By manipulating the equilibrium of the soluble and insoluble species of solute within the second solution, a saturated second solution can be used to generate osmotic pressure on the first solution. The various species of solute within the second solution can be recovered and recycled through the process to affect the changes in equilibrium and eliminate waste products. Enhanced efficiency may result from using low grade waste heat from industrial or commercial sources.Type: GrantFiled: May 23, 2016Date of Patent: November 21, 2017Assignee: Yale UniversityInventors: Robert L. McGinnis, Menachem Elimelech
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Publication number: 20170120198Abstract: The present invention relates to a method including reacting a solution of a salt of a biocidal metal with an active layer of water purification membrane, discarding the biocidal metal salt solution such that a thin layer of the biocidal metal salt solution remains on the membrane surface, reacting a reducing agent solution with the active layer of the membrane and the thin layer of the biocidal metal salt solution thereby forming a biocidal metal nanoparticle-modified membrane, removing the reducing agent solution, and rinsing the biocidal metal nanoparticle-modified membrane.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 10, 2015Publication date: May 4, 2017Applicant: Yale UniversityInventors: Menachem Elimelech, Moshe Ben-Sasson
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Publication number: 20160340212Abstract: Separation processes using forward osmosis are disclosed generally involving the extraction of a solvent from a first solution to concentrate a solute therein by using a second concentrated solution to draw the solvent from the first solution across a semi-permeable membrane. One or both of the solute and solvent may be a desired product. By manipulating the equilibrium of the soluble and insoluble species of solute within the second solution, a saturated second solution can be used to generate osmotic pressure on the first solution. The various species of solute within the second solution can be recovered and recycled through the process to affect the changes in equilibrium and eliminate waste products. Enhanced efficiency may result from using low grade waste heat from industrial or commercial sources.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 23, 2016Publication date: November 24, 2016Applicant: Yale UniversityInventors: Robert L. McGinnis, Menachem Elimelech
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Patent number: 9352281Abstract: Separation processes using forward osmosis are disclosed generally involving the extraction of a solvent from a first solution to concentrate a solute therein by using a second concentrated solution to draw the solvent from the first solution across a semi-permeable membrane. One or both of the solute and solvent may be a desired product. By manipulating the equilibrium of the soluble and insoluble species of solute within the second solution, a saturated second solution can be used to generate osmotic pressure on the first solution. The various species of solute within the second solution can be recovered and recycled through the process to affect the changes in equilibrium and eliminate waste products. Enhanced efficiency may result from using low grade waste heat from industrial or commercial sources.Type: GrantFiled: March 14, 2012Date of Patent: May 31, 2016Assignee: Yale UniversityInventors: Robert L. McGinnis, Menachem Elimelech
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Patent number: 9156006Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to customized thin-film composite membranes comprising: a porous support; a selective barrier; and one or more polymeric additives dispersed in the porous support in an amount from at least about 1% and about 50% by weight of the porous support. Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of fabricating a porous support comprising the steps of: preparing a polymer solution comprising a polymer, a polymeric additive, and a first liquid; contacting a surface with the polymer solution; and evaporating the liquid. Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the thin-film composite membranes disclosed herein in osmotically driven membrane processes.Type: GrantFiled: December 3, 2010Date of Patent: October 13, 2015Assignee: Yale UniversityInventors: Ngai Yin Yip, William Anthony Phillip, Jessica Deborah Schiffman, Menachem Elimelech
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Patent number: 9115701Abstract: A method of converting thermal energy into mechanical work that uses a semi-permeable membrane to convert osmotic pressure into electrical power. A closed cycle pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) process known as an osmotic heat engine (OHE) uses a concentrated ammonia-carbon dioxide draw solution to create high osmotic pressures which generate water flux through a semi-permeable membrane against a hydraulic pressure gradient. The depressurization of the increased draw solution volume in a turbine produces electrical power. The process is maintained in steady state operation through the separation of the diluted draw solution into a re-concentrated draw solution and deionized water working fluid, both for reuse in the osmotic heat engine.Type: GrantFiled: August 13, 2013Date of Patent: August 25, 2015Assignee: Yale UniversityInventors: Robert L. McGinnis, Menachem Elimelech, Jeffrey McCutcheon
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Publication number: 20150047968Abstract: The present invention relates to the development and fabrication of thin-film polymer nanocomposites containing vertically aligned nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). In certain embodiments, the present invention utilizes liquid crystal mesophases of hexagonally packed cylindrical micelles that orient with their long axes parallel to an applied magnetic field, thereby directing the alignment of the nanomaterials, such as SWNTs, sequestered in the micellar cores. In certain embodiments, the mesophase may be a stable, single-phase material containing monomers that can be polymerized after nanotube alignment to form the nanocomposite polymer.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 10, 2014Publication date: February 19, 2015Inventors: Menachem Elimelech, Chinedum Osuji, Meagan Mauter
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Publication number: 20140319044Abstract: Nanoparticle functionalized membranes, where the surface of the membranes is nanoparticle functionalized. The nanoparticles closest to the membrane surface are covalently bonded to the membrane surface. For example, the membranes are forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, or ultrafiltration membranes. The membranes can be used in devices or water purification methods.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 29, 2012Publication date: October 30, 2014Applicants: YALE UNIVERSITY, CORNELL UNIVERSITYInventors: Emmanuel P. Giannelis, Yue Wang, Menachem Elimelech, Alberto Tiraferri, Meagan S. Mauter
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Publication number: 20140165566Abstract: A method of converting thermal energy into mechanical work that uses a semi-permeable membrane to convert osmotic pressure into electrical power. A closed cycle pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) process known as an osmotic heat engine (OHE) uses a concentrated ammonia-carbon dioxide draw solution to create high osmotic pressures which generate water flux through a semi-permeable membrane against a hydraulic pressure gradient. The depressurization of the increased draw solution volume in a turbine produces electrical power. The process is maintained in steady state operation through the separation of the diluted draw solution into a re-concentrated draw solution and deionized water working fluid, both for reuse in the osmotic heat engine.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 13, 2013Publication date: June 19, 2014Applicant: Yale UniversityInventors: Robert L. McGinnis, Menachem Elimelech, Jeffrey McCutcheon
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Patent number: 8748504Abstract: The present invention relates to the development and fabrication of thin-film polymer nanocomposites containing vertically aligned nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). In certain embodiments, the present invention utilizes liquid crystal mesophases of hexagonally packed cylindrical micelles that orient with their long axes parallel to an applied magnetic field, thereby directing the alignment of the nanomaterials, such as SWNTs, sequestered in the micellar cores. In certain embodiments, the mesophase may be a stable, single-phase material containing monomers that can be polymerized after nanotube alignment to form the nanocomposite polymer.Type: GrantFiled: October 11, 2012Date of Patent: June 10, 2014Assignee: Yale UniversityInventors: Menachem Elimelech, Chinedum Osuji, Meagan Mauter
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Publication number: 20120318729Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to customized thin-film composite membranes comprising: a porous support; a selective barrier; and one or more polymeric additives dispersed in the porous support in an amount from at least about 1% and about 50% by weight of the porous support. Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of fabricating a porous support comprising the steps of: preparing a polymer solution comprising a polymer, a polymeric additive, and a first liquid; contacting a surface with the polymer solution; and evaporating the liquid. Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the thin-film composite membranes disclosed herein in osmotically driven membrane processes.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 3, 2010Publication date: December 20, 2012Applicant: Yale University Office of Cooperative ResearchInventors: Ngai Yin Yip, William Anthony Phillip, Jessica Deborah Schiffman, Menachem Elimelech
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Publication number: 20120228222Abstract: Separation processes using forward osmosis are disclosed generally involving the extraction of a solvent from a first solution to concentrate a solute therein by using a second concentrated solution to draw the solvent from the first solution across a semi-permeable membrane. One or both of the solute and solvent may be a desired product. By manipulating the equilibrium of the soluble and insoluble species of solute within the second solution, a saturated second solution can be used to generate osmotic pressure on the first solution. The various species of solute within the second solution can be recovered and recycled through the process to affect the changes in equilibrium and eliminate waste products. Enhanced efficiency may result from using low grade waste heat from industrial or commercial sources.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 14, 2012Publication date: September 13, 2012Applicant: Yale UniversityInventors: Robert L. McGinnis, Menachem Elimelech
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Patent number: 8246791Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating draw solution solutes and product solvent from a draw solution using a plurality of distillation columns is disclosed. In one embodiment, the draw solution is used in a Forward Osmosis (FO) water desalination process. In this embodiment, the draw solution is directed to the plurality of distillation columns in parallel while the energy stream (heat) is directed to the plurality of distillation columns in series such that the efficiency of heat use is improved and in turn the cost of the heat is reduced.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 2007Date of Patent: August 21, 2012Assignee: Yale UniversityInventors: Robert L. McGinnis, Menachem Elimelech
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Publication number: 20110203994Abstract: Separation processes using engineered osmosis are disclosed generally involving the extraction of solvent from a first solution to concentrate solute by using a second concentrated solution to draw the solvent from the first solution across a semi-permeable membrane. One or both of the solute and solvent may be a desired product. Enhanced efficiency may result from using low grade waste heat from industrial or commercial sources.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 22, 2009Publication date: August 25, 2011Applicant: Yale UniversityInventors: Robert L. McGinnis, Menachem Elimelech
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Publication number: 20100024423Abstract: A method of converting thermal energy into mechanical work that uses a semi-permeable membrane to convert osmotic pressure into electrical power. A closed cycle pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) process known as an osmotic heat engine (OHE) uses a concentrated ammonia-carbon dioxide draw solution to create high osmotic pressures which generate water flux through a semi-permeable membrane against a hydraulic pressure gradient. The depressurization of the increased draw solution volume in a turbine produces electrical power. The process is maintained in steady state operation through the separation of the diluted draw solution into a re-concentrated draw solution and deionized water working fluid, both for reuse in the osmotic heat engine.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 8, 2007Publication date: February 4, 2010Applicant: YALE UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF COOPERATIVE RESEARCHInventors: Robert L. McGinnis, Menachem Elimelech, Jeffrey McCutcheon