Abstract: In the enzymatic stereoselective ester cleavages of 2-arylpropionate, the reaction rate of the hydrolyzing enzymes can be drastically increased if the vinyl ester of the 2-arylpropionate is employed as the substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to polymer conjugates which are reversibly precipitable from aqueous solution and are composed of a carrier polymer which is soluble in aqueous medium and of a catalytically active compound which is chemically bonded thereto. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of polymer conjugates of this type, and to the use thereof in homogeneous catalysis, especially biocatalysis.

Abstract: Sucrosetricarboxylic acid can be prepared by oxidizing sucrose with oxygen, if desired in a mixture with inert gases, by means of a more effective catalyst than platinum/alumina.The product can be used in washing agents or as a food additive.

Abstract: In the enzymatic stereoselective ester cleavages of 2-arylpropionate, the reaction rate of the hydrolyzing enzymes can be drastically increased if the vinyl ester of the 2-arylpropionate is employed as the substrate.

Abstract: A cofactor having an aromatic or benzylic amino group is converted into an isothiocyanate by reaction with a compound such as thiophosgene and the isothiocyanate of the cofactor is attached to a polymer which is preferably water-soluble. When the polymer has amino groups, a thiourea bridge is formed between the polymer and cofactor and a polymer having hydroxyl groups results in a thiocarbamate bridge. The polymer may be a copolymer of vinylamine or vinylmethylamine and vinylmethylacetamide, partially alkylamine-substituted .alpha., .beta.-poly-(2-hydroxyethyl)-D,L-aspartamide, polyethyleneimine or carbohydrate. The cofactor bound to a polymer and an enzyme are contained in microcapsules or in a membrane to form an enzyme reactor.

Abstract: Polyelectrolyte membrane capsules are composed of a semi-permeable membrane and an active material enclosed by it, the membrane being formed of a biocompatible, non-toxic polyacid and a polybase; the polybase is composed of repeating monomer units of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the indicated meanings.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a mixture of sucrose oxidation products which contains a salt of sucrosetricarboxylic acid and which is obtained by reaction of sucrose with oxygen in an aqueous medium in the presence of a platinum metal/active carbon catalyst at elevated temperatures and neutralization of the reaction product to convert into the salt form, which comprises the reaction being carried out discontinuously, the starting materials being heated stepwise over the course of several hours from room temperature up to 60.degree. to 95.degree. C. and then the reaction product being isolated where appropriate.The oxidation products obtained in this way have, in particular, improved washing properties.

Abstract: Disaccharide fluorides can be prepared by incubation of .alpha.-D-glycosyl fluorides in concentrated solutions with .alpha.-glycosidases.

Abstract: Resolution of the racemates of phosphorus-containing functional acetic acid derivatives can be carried out in high yield and in enantiomeric purity using hydrolases such as esterases and lipases.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural which comprises oxidizing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in an aqueous medium with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst which contains at least one metal of the platinum group.

Abstract: Dipeptide alkyl esters whose alkyl group contains 3 to 7 carbon atoms can be converted to the corresponding methyl ester compound by a rapid, gentle transesterification in anhydrous methanol in the presence of an alkali metal alcoholate, without racemization occuring on the two chiral carbon atoms.

Abstract: .alpha.-Glucosyl fluoride can be converted in the presence of cyclodextrin .alpha.(1.fwdarw.4)glucosyltransferase into a mixture of .alpha.- and .beta.-cyclodextrins in high yield.

Abstract: Streptazoline is reacted with naphthoquinones in a Diels-Alder reaction, and the adduct is then oxidized. The resulting compounds have cytotoxic activity, in particular against leukemia cells, and have an antimicrobial action and act against protozoa.

Abstract: A process for the single-stage preparation of glycosyl fluorides by dissolving saccharides in liquid hydrogen fluoride and evaporating the hydrogen fluoride, wherein the resulting glycosyl fluoride is isolated in such a way that, when the evaporation of the hydrogen fluoride is started at a relatively high temperature, in general at -20.degree. to +20.degree. C., the evaporation is effected at a high evaporation rate or, when a low evaporation rate is used at the start of the evaporation, a sufficiently low temperature is set, in general -80.degree. C. to -30.degree. C.

Abstract: Optically active enantiomers of alkyl .alpha.-phenoxypropionates, and of derivatives thereof, can be racemized in good yields and without formation of decomposition products with the aid of an alkali metal (C.sub.1 -C.sub.5) alcoholate, an alkali metal hydroquinone, an alkali metal phenolate or an alkali metal hydroxyphenoxypropionate, or derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Polysaccharides built up from anhydroglucose are obtained when glucose or carbohydrates containing glucose as the monomer structural unit are condensed with polyhydric alcohols in hydrogen fluoride. The products may be used as water binding agents and water retaining agents, especially for dietetic foodstuffs.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of glycosides which comprises reacting a protected hexopyranosyl fluoride with an aglycon or a silyl ether thereof in the presence of a metal fluoride of group IV or V of the periodic table, said metal having an atomic number of at least 22 and being present in the fluoride in a higher, stable and non-oxidizing or weekly oxidizing stage.

Abstract: L-Phenylalanine can be prepared using microorganisms belonging to the series comprising E. coli, Paracoccus denitrificans, Torula, Rhodotorula or Streptomyces after adaptation to phenylpyruvic acid, by amination with suitable sources of nitrogen. It is advantageous to employ the microorganism in the form of fixed cells.

Abstract: In the process for the preparation of 4-benzyl aspartate starting from dibenzyl aspartate and/or its salts only one benzyl group is selectively removed by catalytic hydrogenation. By setting up appropriate reaction conditions elimination takes place mainly of the benzyl group on the C.sub.1 atom of the compound. The desired product can be isolated from the reaction mixture by precipitation.

Abstract: Microbial polysaccharides can be liberated from their fatty amine adducts by treating these adducts in the presence of an alcohol with a salt of ammonia or of a highly volatile amine which is soluble in this alcohol or thermally readily dissociated. It is preferable to use alcohols which have a boiling point under atmospheric pressure of up to about 100.degree. C., and salts of ammonia or of an amine which has a boiling point of less than 150.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure.