Abstract: A contact structure and method of formation of a contact structure for an electro-optic modulator. Linear electrodes on a modulator crystal are covered with a dielectric layer. The electrodes are contacted by way of one or more vias through the dielectric layer. Contact pads are formed over the vias so as to contact the electrode and extend over several adjacent electrodes, providing significantly greater contact area for a driver chip applied to the modulator crystal.

Abstract: A contact structure and method of formation of a contact structure for an electro-optic modulator. Linear electrodes on a modulator crystal are covered with a dielectric layer. The electrodes are contacted by way of one or more vias through the dielectric layer. Contact pads are formed over the vias so as to contact the electrode and extend over several adjacent electrodes, providing significantly greater contact area for a driver chip applied to the modulator crystal.

Abstract: A fluid jet assisted ion projection printing apparatus having a housing including ion generation and ion modulation regions. A bent path channel, disposed through the housing, directs transport fluid with ions entrained therein adjacent an array of modulation electrodes which control the passage of ion beams from the apparatus. The modulation electrodes are supported upon a planar substrate, and include a first portion, extending in the plane of the substrate, and a second portion, departing from the plane of the substrate by an angle of less than 45.degree.. The width of the bent channel is chosen to provide laminar flow therethrough so that ions will not be lost to the channel walls as the transport fluid negotiates its way along the bent path.

Abstract: An electrographic printing system comprises oppositely opposed print and complement electrode means to produce a dielectric breakdown through a recording medium transported in a printing gap between the electrode means. A visible mark or image is formed on the surface of the recording medium by (1) forming an aperture in a portion of the recording medium or through the recording medium, (2) ablating or eroding a minute portion of solid conductive pigment medium exposed through the formed aperture, (3) inducing the formation of a pigment aerosol from the explosive effect created during pigment ablation, (4) expulsion of the pigment aerosol through the formed aperture, and (5) confinement of the pigment aerosol to the lip of the formed aperture. The aerosol deposits in the form of a torus on the aperture lip and bonds to the surface of the recording medium.