Abstract: The invention relates to a method for power reduction and to a communications system, in particular a radio communications system, which allows such a method. The method for data transmission in a radio communications system having a radio interface between at least one, and in particular a large number of, base stations and at least one, and in particular a large number of, subscriber stations, in which one base station can in each case be connected via a radio interface to a number of subscriber stations provides redundantly coded data which, for the connection with at least one first transmission power level, is transmitted such that data loss is accepted. A chosen portion of the coded data is omitted during the transmission, and the transmission power level is, in contrast, chosen to be higher than the first transmission power level, such that the bit error probability is sufficiently low to allow the data to be reconstructed at the receiving station.

Abstract: In an engine braking method for a supercharged internal combustion engine, wherein combustion air, which is under boost pressure and is supplied to the cylinders under the control of engine inlet and outlet valves, is compressed in the cylinders and is subsequently discharged into the exhaust tract, engine braking takes place in a two-stroke operating mode.

Abstract: A device (3) for portioning a string of material (2) moving in the conveying direction (F), particularly a string of sausage, into individual sections (2a) of a predetermined length including at least one portioning tool (18, 18a, 18b, 19, 19a, 19b , 119a, 119b), which is movable in a circular path around an axis in a manner that it can be moved transversely with respect to the conveying direction (F) into the string of material (2) and out of the string of material and follows the movement of the conveying direction (F) in a limited manner. The portioning tool is rotatable on a circular path around a first axis (20, 21) and on a second circular path around a second axis (16), wherein the axes (16, 20, 21) are arranged at a distance with respect to one another and the rotary movements around the first and around the second axis (16, and 20, 21, respectively) are formed in a manner controllable independent of one another.

Abstract: Compounds that include diorgano groups having quaternary carbons and optionally urethane groups, urea groups, or combinations thereof (i.e., polyurethanes, polyureas, or polyurethane-ureas), as well as materials and methods for making such compounds.

Abstract: For a communication system (e.g. UMTS with CDMA radio interface), the invention draws a distinction between services with high and low data rate dynamics and uses a matched type of signaling for the transport formats currently being used. The data rate of the data for a service can fluctuate greatly and/or rapidly over time (high dynamics), or may fluctuate only a little and/or slowly (low dynamics). The data for the services are transmitted via a common physical channel, with in-band signaling being used for signaling the transport format for the services with high data rate dynamics, and with signaling in a separate channel being used for the services with low data rate dynamics.

Abstract: According to the invention, signalling of the used common channels is carried out implicitly via the data rate. Several combinations of channels (spread codes) are only permitted as an alternative for particular data rates of the individual services. Transmission capacity is saved since it is not necessary to reserve individual bits inside the TFCI parameter uniquely for the allocation of said common channels to different connections. The invention is especially useful in the downlink of the FDD modus of UMTS mobile radio systems.

Abstract: A method and radio communication system for synchronizing subscriber stations, wherein a time slot is assigned to a number of base stations for transmitting at least one synchronization sequence and adjacent base stations use a different time offset with respect to the beginning of the time slot for transmitting the synchronization sequence. Thus, superposition can be precluded even in the case of a synchronized operation of the base stations. So that the subscriber station can still determine the beginning of the time slot, the time offset is transmitted. The time offset corresponds to the choice of one or more synchronization sequences and/or the sequence of a number of synchronization sequences. The information relating to the time offset is transmitted coded in this manner.

Abstract: In a cellular telecommunications system using wireless telecommunication between mobile parts and base stations, a method of handing off telecommunications connections from uncoordinated, unlicensed operation of the system to coordinated, licensed operation and vice versa. The method requires only simple circuitry and little energy consumption in the mobile parts. Initial monitoring is carried out in the base station, which supports uncoordinated, unlicensed system operation.

Abstract: Compounds that include silicon-containing groups, and optionally urethane groups, urea groups, or combinations thereof (i.e., polyurethanes, polyureas, or polyurethane-ureas), as well as materials and methods for making such compounds.

Abstract: According to the invention, transmissions of the second radio station are received in the first radio station in which the operating instruction for transmission power of the second radio station is determined. The operating instruction is transmitted during a following transmission of the first radio station to the second radio station, whereupon the latter takes into account the operating instruction for power regulation during one of its following transmissions. Contrary to prior art, no time invariable or fixed step size is used. An operating instruction is used instead which is related to a variable step size in transmission power regulation. The variable step size is subscriber-dependent and time-dependent regulated by the radio stations.

Abstract: A method of etching a substrate, includes measuring a reflectance signal from a reflective material deposited on the substrate as the substrate is being etched, correlating the substrate etch rate to the reflectance signal from the reflective material, and using the etch relation between the substrate and the reflective material to determine the etch target.

Abstract: In order to control the transmitting power provided for point-to-multipoint telecommunications links in a telecommunications system with wireless telecommunication and uncoordinated unlicensed system operation, without significant restriction of the transmitting range, use is made of the fact that the maximum number of mobile stations (MS1 . . . MSn) registered in a base station (BS1) is known. Thus, the base station knows at any time how many and which mobile stations are registered. If all mobile stations are registered (NACT=NSCHED), the base station can match the transmitting power to the mobile station received as the “weakest one”. In other cases, if not all mobile stations are registered (NACT≠NSCHED), the base station will alternately transmit with the maximum transmitting.

Abstract: An individual parameter with respect to a required receptivity is determined for at least one service, and is sent by a base station, in a radio communications system which offers a number of services for mobile stations via a radio interface in a radio cell. A mobile station receives and evaluates the parameter, then compares the current receptivity of emissions of the base station with the parameter. The service is requested by the mobile station in dependence on the result of the comparison. The invention is suitable for use in TDMA and CDMA transmission systems.

Abstract: In a method for channel assignment according to the invention, a TDD transmission method with timeslots as channels is used for radio transmission between a base station and mobile stations, with a switching point separating timeslots for a up link direction and timeslots for a down link direction. A transmission parameter relating to a transmission quality is in each case defined for the radio transmission between the base station and a plurality of mobile stations. The mobile stations with the qualitatively better transmission parameter are preferably assigned timeslots close to the switching point.

Abstract: A method for transmitting organization information items from a base station to mobile stations in a radio communications system which offers a plurality of services within a radio cell of the base station. The organization information items are subdivided into first and second organization information items on the basis of the services requested at a given moment and only the first organization information items are transmitted. As a result, the currently required information items are made available in a manner that saves resources, yet the integration of new services is made possible. The method is suitable for TDMA/CDMA and CDMA transmission systems.

Abstract: An individual parameter with respect to a required receptivity is determined for at least one service, and is sent by a base station, in a radio communications system which offers a number of services for mobile stations via a radio interface in a radio cell. A mobile station receives and evaluates the parameter, then compares the current receptivity of emissions of the base station with the parameter. The service is requested by the mobile station in dependence on the result of the comparison. The invention is suitable for use in TDMA and CDMA transmission systems.

Abstract: The invention is for an improved humane animal trap which reduces suffering to the trapped animal and reduces damage to the pelt. The trap includes a pair of circular jaws pivotally joined by strong helical springs. The trigger mechanism utilizes a lower lever member which extends into the stationary jaw and is biased against a bait holder/latch member by a flat spring. An upper lever member is engageable with the lower lever member at one end and at the other end supports the movable jaw when the trap is set. When an animal takes the bait the lever members are released from their constraints and the movable jaw moves rapidly under the bias of the main helical spring to trap the animal, just behind its head, between the trap jaws.

Abstract: A humane animal trap has a pair of pivotally connected jaws each having a circular periphery, the jaws being spring-biased to a closed position. The jaws may be automatically set in an open position and to that end one jaw has a pair of rail members extending through the other jaw which members pivotally support a sear member provided with locking means in the form of a notch. The other jaw has a projection thereon extending to between the rail members. As the jaws are moved apart the projection will be brought into registry with the notch and will automatically engage therewith to hold the jaws apart. Bait is secured to a holder attached to the sear member and when an animal attempts to take the bait the notch disengages from the projection allowing the spring to strongly drive the jaws together, trapping the animal.