Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell system (1), in particular a PEM fuel cell system, in which at least one fuel cell (2) is supplied with a hydrogen-containing anode gas via an anode gas path (3) and anode gas exiting the fuel cell (2) is returned via a recirculation path (4), wherein, in order to reduce a nitrogen content in the anode gas, a flush valve (5) arranged in the recirculation path (4) is opened and the recirculation path (4) is flushed. According to the invention, the hydrogen content of the anode gas is determined using at least one sensor (6) and used as a control variable when controlling the flushing of the recirculation path (4). The invention also relates to a control device (10) for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Abstract: An electric machine has a base body in which a stator of the electric machine is arranged. The electric machine has a rotor shaft which is mounted in the base body in bearings for rotation. The electric machine has a pick-up element connected in fixed rotative engagement with the base body and which taps a voltage present on the rotor shaft. The pick-up element is electrically connected to the base body via a capacitor and/or an ohmic resistor. A capacitance value of the capacitor is at least 1 nF. A resistance value of the ohmic resistor is between 10 mO and 10 O.

Abstract: A method and system for limiting the slew rate of the output voltage of one or more high side (HS) NMOS power switches is disclosed. A circuit arrangement configured to control a first NMOS switch is described. The arrangement comprises voltage provisioning means configured to supply a gate voltage to a gate terminal of the first NMOS switch; current provisioning means configured to provide a current; a first control stage configured to provide and/or remove a connection between the gate terminal of the first NMOS switch and the voltage provisioning means, thereby switching the first NMOS switch to an on-state and/or an off-state, respectively; and a first feedback control link between an output terminal of the first NMOS switch and the current provisioning means configured to control the slew-rate of a voltage at the first output terminal.

Abstract: A method and system for limiting the slew rate of the output voltage of one or more high side (HS) NMOS power switches is disclosed. A circuit arrangement configured to control a first NMOS switch is described. The arrangement comprises voltage provisioning means configured to supply a gate voltage to a gate terminal of the first NMOS switch; current provisioning means configured to provide a current; a first control stage configured to provide and/or remove a connection between the gate terminal of the first NMOS switch and the voltage provisioning means, thereby switching the first NMOS switch to an on-state and/or an off-state, respectively; and a first feedback control link between an output terminal of the first NMOS switch and the current provisioning means configured to control the slew-rate of a voltage at the first output terminal.

Abstract: A method and system for limiting the slew rate of the output voltage of one or more high side (HS) NMOS power switches is disclosed. A circuit arrangement configured to control a first NMOS switch is described. The arrangement comprises voltage provisioning means configured to supply a gate voltage to a gate terminal of the first NMOS switch; current provisioning means configured to provide a current; a first control stage configured to provide and/or remove a connection between the gate terminal of the first NMOS switch and the voltage provisioning means, thereby switching the first NMOS switch to an on-state and/or an off-state, respectively; and a first feedback control link between an output terminal of the first NMOS switch and the current provisioning means configured to control the slew-rate of a voltage at the first output terminal.

Abstract: An electric machine has a base body in which a stator of the electric machine is arranged. The electric machine has a rotor shaft which is mounted in the base body in bearings for rotation. The electric machine has a pick-up element connected in fixed rotative engagement with the base body and which taps a voltage present on the rotor shaft. The pick-up element is electrically connected to the base body via a capacitor and/or an ohmic resistor. A capacitance value of the capacitor is at least 1 nF. A resistance value of the ohmic resistor is between 10 mO and 10 O.

Abstract: An encryption device encrypts a first block of user data to obtain a first encryption result and encrypts a second block of user data, which follows the first block of user data, to obtain a second encryption result. The encryption device uses the first encryption result for encrypting the second block of user data. An extractor extracts a first portion of the first encryption result, the first portion being smaller than the first encryption result, and a second portion of the second encryption result, the second portion being smaller than the second encryption result. A message formatter combines the first block of user data and the first portion as a signature for the first block to produce a first transmission packet, and combines the second block of user data and the second portion as a signature for the second block to produce a second transmission packet.

Abstract: An encryption device encrypts a first block of user data to obtain a first encryption result and encrypts a second block of user data, which follows the first block of user data, to obtain a second encryption result. The encryption device uses the first encryption result for encrypting the second block of user data. An extractor extracts a first portion of the first encryption result, the first portion being smaller than the first encryption result, and a second portion of the second encryption result, the second portion being smaller than the second encryption result. A message formatter combines the first block of user data and the first portion as a signature for the first block to produce a first transmission packet, and combines the second block of user data and the second portion as a signature for the second block to produce a second transmission packet.

Abstract: A method and system for limiting the slew rate of the output voltage of one or more high side (HS) NMOS power switches is disclosed. A circuit arrangement configured to control a first NMOS switch is described. The arrangement comprises voltage provisioning means configured to supply a gate voltage to a gate terminal of the first NMOS switch; current provisioning means configured to provide a current; a first control stage configured to provide and/or remove a connection between the gate terminal of the first NMOS switch and the voltage provisioning means, thereby switching the first NMOS switch to an on-state and/or an off-state, respectively; and a first feedback control link between an output terminal of the first NMOS switch and the current provisioning means configured to control the slew-rate of a voltage at the first output terminal.

Abstract: In order to prevent bearing currents, particularly in converter-operated traction motors (1), the housing (11) is grounded via a grounding capacitor (Cground).

Abstract: A voltage reference circuit is provided. The voltage reference circuit includes a first PTAT voltage generator and an amplifier. The first PTAT voltage generator is operable to generate a first PTAT voltage. The amplifier, which is coupled to the first PTAT voltage generator, comprises a second PTAT voltage generator that is complementary to the first PTAT voltage generator. The second PTAT voltage generator is operable to generate a second PTAT voltage. The amplifier is operable to generate a reference voltage based on the first PTAT voltage and the second PTAT voltage.

Abstract: In order to prevent bearing currents, particularly in converter-operated traction motors (1), the housing (11) is grounded via a grounding capacitor (Cground).

Abstract: A cam locking assembly for an adjustable steering column. The assembly includes a tie bolt that is secured relative to the steering column. A lever member is positioned for rotation about the tie bolt. A caming unit is positioned about the tie bolt adjacent the lever member. The caming unit has a roller assembly positioned between a pair of opposed cam plates. One of the cam plates is associated with the lever member and rotates therewith and the other plate is fixed relative to such rotation. Each cam plate has a plurality of ramped recesses on its internal surface such that rotation of the one plate causes the rollers to ride up the ramps such that the plates are pushed apart. The pushed apart ramps cause clamping upon the steering column to lock its position.

Abstract: A rolling element bearing comprising opposed inner and outer raceways positionable in a loaded position. A plurality of substantially rigid load bearing rolling elements are positioned between and in generally point contact with the inner and outer raceways when the raceways are in the loaded position. A plurality of compressible rolling elements are positioned between the inner and outer raceways and have surface area contact with the inner and outer raceways when the raceways are in the loaded position.

Abstract: A micromechanical structure is described which is disposed on a base body and requires protection from environmental influences by a covering body. Furthermore, electrical contacts are necessary for establishing contacts for the micromechanical structure. By skillfully carrying out a sawing-into operation and a sawing-through operation, it is possible to expose the electrical contact.

Abstract: A micromechanical structure is described which is disposed on a base body and requires protection from environmental influences by a covering body. Furthermore, electrical contacts are necessary for establishing contacts for the micromechanical structure. By skillfully carrying out a sawing-into operation and a sawing-through operation, it is possible to expose the electrical contact.

Abstract: A method for separating content and layout of formatted data objects to convert a computer readable document into a structured mark-up document. A computer readable document containing content data and formatting data is converted into an XML-document whereby the content data and formatting data are separated and are arranged as separate elements in the XML-document. The computer readable document contain first formatting data which are directly assigned to a formatted object and second formatting data contained in a separate formatting template. On the XML-document, the first formatting data are then arranged in a formatting element and the second formatting data in a parent formatting element referring back to the child formatting element.