Abstract: A laser has a resonant cavity defined by a pair of mirrors (6, 10) butted to respective ends of a 3 m fluorozirconate optical fibre (14). The fibre (14) has a .DELTA.n of 0.014 and a cut-off wavelength of around 790 nm and is doped to about 500 ppm (weight) with erbium ions. An optical pump source (12) provides a pump signal at 971 nm which excites the erbium ions into the .sup.4 S.sub.3/2 energy level to provide lasing at about 546 nm. The laser may alternatively be pumped by a pump signal in the band 791 nm to 812 nm, preferably 801 nm. The pump source is preferably a high power semiconductor laser (16).

Abstract: An 850 nm laser and/or amplifier comprises a single mode fluoro-zirconate optical fibre (20) doped with Er.sup.3+. CW operation of the normally self-terminating lasing transition .sup.4 S.sub.3/2 to .sup.4 I.sub.13/2 is achieved by applying excitation energy at 801 nm which both maintains a population inversion between the lasing levels and also populates the upper lasing level by a two-stage process of excitation to the .sup.4 I.sub.9/12 level from the .sup.4 I.sub.15/2 ground state and then to .sup.2 H.sub.9/2 level by ESA.

Abstract: A laser has a resonant cavity defined by a pair of mirrors (6, 10) butted to respective ends of a 3 m fluorozirconate optical fibre (14). The fibre (14) has a .DELTA.n of 0.014 and a cut-off wavelength of around 790 nm and is doped to about 500 ppm (weight) with erbium ions. An optical pump source (12 ) provides a pump signal at 971 nm which excites the erbium ions into the .sup.4 S.sub.3/2 energy level to provide lasing at about 546 nm. The laser may alternatively be pumped by a pump signal in the band 791 nm to 812 nm, preferably 801 nm. The pump source is preferably a high power semiconductor laser (16).

Abstract: A 2.7Sg(m)m laser comprises a single mode fluoro-zirconate optical fibre doped with 0.086 mole % Er.sup.3+. C-W operation of the usually self-terminating lasing transition .sup.4 I.sub.11/2 to .sup.4 I.sub.13/2 is achieved by applying excitation energy to a suitable wavelength and intensity to elevate ions from the lower lasing level to maintain a population inversion between the upper and lower lasing levels during lasing. The laser may be pumped at a single wavelength of about 785 nm by a semiconductor laser.

Abstract: An optical coupler device comprises a waveguide structure underlying a first layer of material which has a refractive index higher than the effective refractive index of the waveguide structure and which is capable of supporting propagation modes of a higher order than, but matching the phase velocity of, the propagation mode or modes in the underlying waveguide structure, said layer thereby forming a wave guiding structure.

Abstract: A selective filtering device for use in optical communications systems takes the form of a transversely coupled Fabry-Perot interferometer. One described embodiment comprises a first length of monomode optical fiber transversely coupled to a second fiber in a coupling region. One end of each fiber at opposite respective ends of the coupling region is provided with a suitable highly reflective surface, or example, an evaporated gold/aluminum deposit. In operation, a light input may be modified by the resonant cavity behavior of the Fabry-Perot cavity formed between the mirrored ends to provide filtered or enhanced outputs. The outputs may be further modified by alternative or additional light input via the ends of the fibers.