Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to provide pre-execution risk or credit control for electronic financial derivative product trading. A portfolio risk management analysis method, such as the Standard Portfolio Analysis of Risk method, is used to determine how a new order will impact the overall credit or risk of a trading entity. The pre-execution risk control is performed on an order by order basis prior to order execution and may include an analysis of assets and orders for other financial products at the same or different exchanges. The risk level for a trading entity may be set by that trading entity, its clearing organization or the exchange.

Abstract: Insulated vacuum switchgear and active switchgear elements therefor are provided with a composite overwrap for mechanically isolating a vacuum insulator from axial loads in use without reinforcing or insulating encapsulations. A dielectric buffer layer is provided to fill voids or discontinuities in the overwrap.

Abstract: Insulated vacuum switchgear and active switchgear elements therefor are provided with a rigid support structure mechanically isolating a vacuum insulator from axial loads in use without reinforcing or insulating encapsulations. At least one of the elastomeric insulating housing and the support structure directly contacts an outer surface of the insulator. Systems and methods for assembling the switchgear are also provided.