Abstract: A high-pressure fluid pump is operable to pressurize a fluid and includes a hollow stud including a first end, a second end, and a cylindrical space extending between the first end and the second end and a housing fixedly coupled to the first end of the hollow stud. A high pressure cylinder is disposed within the cylindrical space of the hollow stud. The high pressure cylinder includes a bore that extends from a first end to a second end of the high pressure cylinder. A seal head is engaged with the first end of the high pressure cylinder to define a seal therebetween and an end cap is coupled to the second end of the hollow stud and the seal head. The end cap is operable to apply a compressive force to the seal head to compress the seal head against the cylinder and to apply a tensile load to the hollow stud. A plunger is movable within the bore to pressurize the fluid in a space defined by the piston, the seal head, and the high pressure cylinder.

Abstract: A high-pressure fluid pump is operable to pressurize a fluid and includes a hollow stud including a first end, a second end, and a cylindrical space extending between the first end and the second end and a housing fixedly coupled to the first end of the hollow stud. A high pressure cylinder is disposed within the cylindrical space of the hollow stud. The high pressure cylinder includes a bore that extends from a first end to a second end of the high pressure cylinder. A seal head is engaged with the first end of the high pressure cylinder to define a seal therebetween and an end cap is coupled to the second end of the hollow stud and the seal head. The end cap is operable to apply a compressive force to the seal head to compress the seal head against the cylinder and to apply a tensile load to the hollow stud. A plunger is movable within the bore to pressurize the fluid in a space defined by the piston, the seal head, and the high pressure cylinder.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing elemental mercury contained in flue gas uses a catalytic barrier filter. The method comprises directing the flue gas towards the catalytic barrier filter; passing the flue gas through the catalytic barrier filter in the presence of an oxidant; and outletting the flue gas from the catalytic barrier filter, wherein about 50 percent to about 99 percent of the elemental mercury is oxidized.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing the flow behavior and stability of hydrothermally treated slurry fuels. A mechanical high-shear dispersion and homogenization device is used to shear the slurry fuel. Other improvements include blending the carbonaceous material with a form of coal to reduce or eliminate the flocculation of the slurry, and maintaining the temperature of the hydrothermal treatment between approximately 300.degree. to 350.degree. C.

Abstract: A process of improving overall quality of coals or other solid fuels comprising heat treating those coals in a controlled, spontaneous, fluidized bed reactor system. The bed system is of such a geometry that in combination with the control system a higher velocity region exists where the fluidizing gas and fuel are fed than where the treated solids exit. The offgas exiting the top of the reactor has a velocity of the average of the inlet gas velocities. Treated coal is withdrawn intermediate to top and bottom. Residence time is controlled by the amount of the solid fuel feed, the location of the treated solid fuel overflow, and the temperature is maintained by oxygen to flue gas ratio, feedstock size and fluidizing velocity. The unit can be operated in a drying mode or a devolatilization mode, to control volatiles, moisture and fines.