Abstract: An apparatus and method for reducing the temperature of a product include a housing having a chamber therein, and an inlet and an outlet in communication with the chamber; a plurality of zones in the chamber between the inlet and the outlet and arranged in descending order of heat transfer rate atmospheres for the product from the inlet to the outlet; a conveyor assembly tier transferring the product from the inlet through the plurality of zones to the outlet; and a controller in communication with the chamber, the plurality of zones, the heat transfer apparatus, the conveyor assembly and the heat transfer rate atmospheres, the controller having stored therein physical characteristics and a heat transfer profile of the product to adjust and control the heat transfer rate atmospheres for the product such that a heat transfer rate of the product will decrease as the product is transferred from the inlet through each one of the plurality of zones to the outlet.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a housing disposed in a first atmosphere and having an upstream end, a downstream end and a chamber within the housing; a metallic block disposed in the chamber and having a passageway therethrough and through which a cryogen can flow; and a heat pipe assembly in contact with the metallic block and extending to a second atmosphere which is separate from the first atmosphere for providing heat transfer at the second atmosphere.

Abstract: An energy conversion apparatus for a freezer includes a housing having a first region therein for receiving liquid CO2 for providing potential energy; a movable member rotatably mounted to the housing and having a second region in fluid communication with the first region and constructed to receive the liquid CO, for providing kinetic energy from which mechanical work is provided to rotate the movable member; and a discharge member connected to the movable member and having a third region in fluid communication with the second region, the third region continuing the mechanical work when exhausting the liquid CO2 such that the liquid CO2 is changed to a CO2 snow.

Abstract: A refrigeration control apparatus for a space includes a heat exchanger mounted in the space and having an inlet and an outlet for a cooling medium to be introduced into and exhausted from the heat exchanger; at least one fan assembly mounted in the space and operatively associated with the heat exchanger for moving an airflow over the heat exchanger; a sensor assembly mounted in the space for sensing a temperature of at least the space; and a controller having an electrical connection to the at least one fan and the sensor assembly to control operation of the fan responsive to the temperature of at least the space. A method is also provided for controlling the temperature of the space.

Abstract: A freezer includes a housing having a sidewall defining a chamber, and an inlet and an outlet in communication with the chamber; a pair of baffle assemblies spaced apart and disposed in the chamber, a first one of the pair movable 90° degrees out of phase from a second one of the pair; a plate disposed in the chamber and extending between the first and second baffle assemblies for dividing a portion of the chamber into an intake zone and an outflow zone; a fan disposed in the chamber between the first and second baffle assemblies and in communication with the intake and outflow zones for providing a gas flow from the intake zone to the outflow zone; and a delivery apparatus in communication with the chamber for delivering a chilling substance to the chamber for reducing a temperature of a product. A method is also provided.

Abstract: A freezer for a product includes a housing having a sidewall defining a chamber in the housing, and an inlet and an outlet in communication with the chamber; and a pair of pistons operatively associated with the housing and in communication with the chamber, the pair of pistons operable out of phase with each other for oscillating a gas flow within the chamber. A method is also provided for reducing a temperature of a product in a freezer.

Abstract: A freezer includes a housing having a space therein for receiving a cryogenic gas, and an inlet and an outlet in communication with the space; a conveyor belt having an outer edge and being arranged for movement through the space for transferring a product from the inlet through to the outlet; a solid longitudinal member disposed in the space adjacent the outer edge for segregating the space into an upper chamber and a lower chamber; and a transfer duct operatively associated with the housing and having a first opening in communication with the upper chamber for receiving the cryogenic gas from the upper chamber and a second opening in communication with the lower chamber for expelling the cryogenic gas into the lower chamber.

Abstract: A method for operating a vehicle that provides refrigeration and is powered by an engine for burning liquefied natural gas. The vehicle contains on-board storage tanks for liquefied natural gas and liquid nitrogen. These two tanks are in thermal communication with each other and natural gas from the liquefied natural gas storage tank will periodically contact the liquid nitrogen and return as liquefied natural gas.

Abstract: An impingement plate atomizer apparatus includes a longitudinal member having an upper surface sized and shaped to receive a liquid cryogen thereon, a lower surface opposite to the upper surface, and at least one hole extending through the longitudinal member; and an ultrasonic transducer in contact with the longitudinal member for providing ultrasonic energy thereto for atomizing the liquid cryogen at the upper surface into a cryogen fog.

Abstract: A freezer for a product includes a housing having a space therein, and an inlet and an outlet in communication with the space; a conveyor having a first side for conveying the product through the space, and a second side opposite to the first side; an agitating apparatus disposed proximate the conveyor for contacting the conveyor at select intervals to agitate the conveyor and displace the product at the first side; a first longitudinal member disposed proximate the first side of the conveyor and having at least one hole extending therethrough; and at least one circulation device disposed in the space proximate the longitudinal member for directing a cryogenic substance through the at least one hole onto the product.

Abstract: A freezer apparatus for a product includes a chamber; a mechanical refrigeration assembly having a portion thereof disposed within the chamber for reducing a temperature of the product; and a cryogen injection assembly disposed within the chamber for reducing the temperature of the product and operatively associated with the mechanical refrigeration assembly to provide power to move a flow of cryogen refrigerant through the mechanical refrigeration assembly.

Abstract: A pressure control apparatus for a cryogenic storage tank includes a heat pipe extending into the storage tank and having a first end in contact with liquid cryogen in the storage tank, and a second end exposed to an atmosphere external to the storage tank such that heat flux occurs in the liquid cryogen proximate the first end of the heat pipe for providing a cryogenic gas and pressure to the liquid cryogen in the storage tank. Another embodiment includes a sleeve for the second end to control the heat flux in the liquid cryogen.

Abstract: An exhaust system for generating power includes a conduit in communication with a first atmosphere having a first temperature and through which said first atmosphere can flow, the conduit having an inner surface exposed to said first atmosphere and an exterior surface exposed to a second atmosphere having a second temperature external to the conduit; a thermoelectric power generating assembly mounted to the exterior surface of the conduit, said power generating assembly responsive to a temperature difference between the first and second atmospheres for providing electrical power.

Abstract: A power generation apparatus for a heat exchanger exhausting pressurized gas includes an air circulation device for moving an air flow at a first atmosphere to contact the heat exchanger; a battery connected to the an air circulation device for providing electrical energy to power the air circulation device; a generator electrically connected to the battery to charge the battery with the electrical energy; a gas motor mechanically connected to the generator to drive the generator to provide the electrical energy; and a pipe connected to the heat exchanger for receiving the pressurized gas from the heat exchanger and directing said pressurized gas to the gas motor.

Abstract: A cryogen cylinder includes a tank having a side wall defining a chamber for containing a cryogenic substance in the tank; and a plate assembly mounted in the chamber, the plate assembly constructed and arranged to provide a passageway for vapor from the cryogenic substance to be introduced into the passageway.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a first housing disposed in a first atmosphere and having an upstream end, a downstream end and an internal space for a cryogenic substance; and a heat plate assembly mounted to the first housing and being exposed to the first atmosphere for providing heat transfer at an interface of the first atmosphere and the heat plate assembly.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a housing disposed in a first atmosphere and having an upstream end, a downstream end and a chamber within the housing; a metallic block disposed in the chamber and having a passageway therethrough and through which a cryogen can flow; and a heat pipe assembly in contact with the metallic block and extending to a second atmosphere which is separate from the first atmosphere for providing heat transfer at the second atmosphere.

Abstract: A cryogen heat exchanger includes a container having a sidewall defining a chamber in the container for containing a cryogen, and at least one heat exchange assembly having a first portion disposed in the chamber and extending through the sidewall to a second portion disposed in an atmosphere of a space external to the chamber and at an opposite side of the sidewall for providing heat transfer to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An air conditioner apparatus includes an exhaust pipe having a first end in communication with exhaust gas from an exhaust generating device disposed in a first atmosphere with a first temperature, and a second end discharging the exhaust gas to a second atmosphere with a second temperature; an inlet pipe substantially surrounding the exhaust pipe, the inlet pipe spaced apart from the exhaust pipe for providing a space therebetween and having a first end in communication with the first atmosphere and a second end in communication with the second atmosphere and through which the second atmosphere is introduced into the space; and a guide assembly disposed in the space for guiding the second atmosphere through the space for heat transfer with the exhaust gas moving through the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing heat transfer to a compartment includes a housing having a chamber therein for receiving dry ice and a first surface area exposable to a first space in the compartment for heat transfer; and a first assembly moveable with respect to the first surface area for covering a select portion of the first surface area to control heat transfer at the first space. The first assembly includes at least one pivotable louver.