Abstract: Passivated Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) particles, tape casting powders and slip compositions including the particles, methods of forming the particles, methods of tape casting using the particles, green tapes including the particles, cast LLZO films formed from the particles, and lithium batteries including the cast LLZO film. A passivated LLZO particle includes an LLZO core, wherein the LLZO is optionally doped with one or more elements. The passivated LLZO particle also includes a shell including H-LLZO, H3O+-LLZO, and/or Li2CO3.

Abstract: A method of detecting a fuel leak from a fuel store of an aircraft where a processor receives inputs relating to the amount of fuel in the fuel store and to the rate of fuel used by the aircraft. The processor defines a fuel flow system state defined by a noise-compensated measures of the amount of fuel in the fuel store, a fuel leak amount estimate and a fuel leak rate estimate. The processor periodically calculates a new estimated state of the system in view of a previous estimated state and values of the inputs. The processor monitors the fuel leak amount estimate and the fuel leak rate estimate and if either exceeds a respective threshold value send a signal to a fuel leak warning device.

Abstract: A method of detecting a fuel leak from a fuel store of an aircraft is described. In the described embodiment, a processor (1) receives inputs (2, 3) relating to the amount of fuel in the fuel store and to the rate of fuel used by the aircraft, both inputs being subject to noise. The processor defines a fuel flow system state defined by a noise-compensated measures of the amount of fuel in the fuel store, a fuel leak amount estimate and a fuel leak rate estimate. The processor (1) periodically calculates a new estimated state of the system in view of a previous estimated state of the system and values of the inputs (2, 3). The processor monitors the fuel leak amount estimate and the fuel leak rate estimate and if either exceeds a respective threshold value send a signal to a fuel leak warning means (4). The method employed in the embodiment employs a recursive state estimation method that improves leak detection, reduces false alarms and is less demanding on processor and memory requirements.