Abstract: A protective device for a lens (2) having a protective hood (3) which protects a lens mount against ballistic effects, the protective hood (3) having a sight opening (4) for the lens (2), and a closing flap (5) for closing the sight opening (4), wherein the closing flap (5) can be rotated relative to the protective hood (3), wherein the rotary axis (D) of the closing flap (5) runs through the lens mount.

Abstract: A protective device for a lens (2) having a protective hood (3) which protects a lens mount against ballistic effects, the protective hood (3) having a sight opening (4) for the lens (2), and a closing flap (5) for closing the sight opening (4), wherein the closing flap (5) can be rotated relative to the protective hood (3), wherein the rotary axis (D) of the closing flap (5) runs through the lens mount.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a chemical component in an industrial water system comprises irradiating a liquid sample from an industrial water system, containing at least one chemical component to be monitored, with light from an excitation light source. Room temperature phosphorescence emitted from the sample is detected after irradiation. The concentration of the chemical component to be monitored is then calculated from the detected room temperature phosphorescence. The liquid sample includes at least one room temperature phosphorescent material (RTPM) and at least one heavy atom perturber (HAP) dissolved therein. The HAP is present in the sample at a concentration sufficient to induce phosphorescence activity in the RTPM. The liquid sample is irradiated in a manner sufficient to induce the RTPM within the sample to emit room temperature phosphorescence, and the calculated concentration of the chemical component to be monitored is a function of the room temperature phosphorescence intensity or temporal metric.

Abstract: A device for opening and closing a hatchway on a combat vehicle, especially a tank, by a hatch. The hatch comprises two components, one above the other. The upper component slides back and forth across and above the hatchway. The lower component descends tight into the hatchway. The object is to simplify the generic device to the extent that it can be operated from inside the vehicle. An operations-control rack extends along the upper component in the direction it slides back and forth in. The rack is engaged by a pinion. The pinion is part of a mechanism mounted on the vehicle and controlled from inside the vehicle. A cam track is fastened tight to the rack. A control pin rests against the cam track. The cam track operates by way of the control pin in conjunction with at least one mechanism that locks the upper component in position. The upper component is attached to the rack by a clutch.

Abstract: A manually operated wheel for activating the hatch on a combat vehicle, especially a tank. It comprises an axially solid disk of appropriate anti-fragmentation and/or anti-radiation material.

Abstract: An armored combat vehicle, especially a military tank, with at least one entry-and-exit hatchway in the top. The hatchway closes with a hatch completely covering it. At least two additional moving roof-protection hatches above the hatch that completely covers the hatchway extend in the same plane at least when they are closed, each covering part of the hatchway and both covering it completely.