Abstract: A method for flow manipulation within a porous volume. Steps include inducing a sequence of fluid flows between fluid sources and fluid sinks disposed at at least three spaced locations in or around a porous volume, the fluid flows being induced by providing fluid at one or more of the sources and extracting fluid at one or more of the sinks. Successive fluid flows in the sequence are induced at predetermined times and oriented in different directional orientations between different sources and sinks, the successive fluid flows define different flow volumes which at least partially intersect one another, and the successive fluid flows are selected to induce cross-directional flows to mix one or more fluids in the porous volume.

Abstract: Described embodiments relate to methods, systems and infrastructure for flow manipulation within a porous volume. Some embodiments relate to a method of subsurface flow manipulation, comprising: providing fluid at a first subsurface location adjacent to or in a subsurface volume through which the fluid is to pass; providing first suction at a second subsurface location adjacent to or in the subsurface volume to extract fluid from the subsurface volume, the second subsurface location being located across at least part of the subsurface volume from the first subsurface location; providing fluid at a third subsurface location spaced from the first subsurface location and adjacent to or in the subsurface volume; and providing second suction at the first, second or a fourth subsurface location adjacent to the subsurface volume to extract fluid from the subsurface volume.

Abstract: Described embodiments relate to methods, systems and infrastructure for flow manipulation within a porous volume. Some embodiments relate to a method of subsurface flow manipulation, comprising: providing fluid at a first subsurface location adjacent to or in a subsurface volume through which the fluid is to pass; providing first suction at a second subsurface location adjacent to or in the subsurface volume to extract fluid from the subsurface volume, the second subsurface location being located across at least part of the subsurface volume from the first subsurface location; providing fluid at a third subsurface location spaced from the first subsurface location and adjacent to or in the subsurface volume; and providing second suction at the first, second or a fourth subsurface location adjacent to the subsurface volume to extract fluid from the subsurface volume.

Abstract: A Diffusion cell for use in monitoring levels of gases or volatile organic compounds within bulk media such as ground water, effluent, or air. The diffusion cell is of sealed hollow construction and has a membrane providing an interface between a gas phase contained within the diffusion cell and the bulk media. The membrane is permeable to gas and volatile organic compounds while being relatively impermeable to water (i.e. hydrophobic). The diffusion cell includes a core of porous material to minimize the internal volume within. In use, a sensor is located in close proximity to the core of porous material to minimize the dead volume between the sensor and the diffusion cell. The minimization of the internal and dead volumes allows for decreased response times to fluctuations in levels being measured, lending the diffusion cell to real time monitoring applications.