Abstract: A method for controlling natural gas injection in a cylinder of an engine through a gas admission valve is provided. The method comprises determination of an amount of substitution, which varies between 30%-85% of a combustible mixture. Duration of injection is determined based on the amount of substitution. Based on the duration of injection, a first crank angle and a second crank angle, selected from a range of 325 degrees to 420 degrees, are determined to start and stop the injection, respectively. The natural gas is injected for the determined duration of injection, by opening the gas admission valve at the first crank angle and closing the gas admission valve at the second crank angle. The amount of substitution of the natural gas is modulated to maintain engine operating parameters at optimal. Based on the modulated duration of injection, the duration of injection for the natural gas is tuned.

Abstract: A fluid valve is disclosed for use in an exhaust system of an engine. The fluid valve may have a body and an inlet formed within the body. The inlet may have a curved first end surface with a raised convex first opening. Opposite the inlet, the fluid valve may also have an outlet formed within the body. The outlet may have a second end surface with a second opening. The fluid valve may also have a restriction formed between the first end surface and the second end surface, which connects the first and second openings.

Abstract: A piston for an engine may include a piston crown, and a piston bowl recessed within the piston crown. The piston bowl includes a center portion, a cone portion, and an annular toroidal portion. The geometry of the piston bowl is designed to correspond with a fuel injection nozzle having a specific spray angle. An exemplary piston bowl may include a toroidal major diameter between about 4.645 and 4.895 inches and a toroidal minor radius between about 1.165 and 1.235 inches. The cone portion includes an angle between about 26 to 34 degrees. The compression ratio of the piston is about 17.95 to 1.

Abstract: A piston for an engine is disclosed. The piston may include a piston crown, and a piston bowl recessed within the piston crown. The piston bowl includes a center portion, a cone portion, and an annular toroidal portion. The geometry of the piston bowl is designed to correspond with a fuel injection nozzle having a specific spray angle. An exemplary piston bowl may include a toroidal major diameter between about 4.645 and 4.895 inches and a toroidal minor radius between about 1.165 and 1.235 inches. The cone portion includes an angle between about 26 to 34 degrees. The compression ratio of the piston is about 17.95 to 1.

Abstract: A large-bore (at least 180 mm diameter) diesel engine cylinder configuration featuring a piston crown bowl having an acute re-entrant angle and, optionally, an anti-polish ring. The acute re-entrant angle crown bowl involves a maximum radius of the crown bowl exceeding a minimum crown bowl radius, wherein the maximum crown bowl radius is located farther from the squish face than is the minimum crown bowl radius. The acute re-entrant angle crown bowl applied to large-bore, medium-speed diesel engines yields an improvement in performance and emissions characteristics. The anti-polish ring may be integrally formed with the cylinder liner and used in any internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A large-bore (at least 180 mm diameter) diesel engine cylinder configuration featuring a piston crown bowl having an acute re-entrant angle and, optionally, an anti-polish ring. The acute re-entrant angle crown bowl involves a maximum radius of the crown bowl exceeding a minimum crown bowl radius, wherein the maximum crown bowl radius is located farther from the squish face than is the minimum crown bowl radius. The acute re-entrant angle crown bowl applied to large-bore, medium-speed diesel engines yields an improvement in performance and emissions characteristics. The anti-polish ring may be integrally formed with the cylinder liner and used in any internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A remote monitoring system is disclosed. In one such embodiment, a system may comprise a first measuring unit disposed within a structure, a first processor disposed in operative communication with the first measuring unit, and a second processor disposed within the structure. The first measuring unit may comprise a first sensor adapted to detect a first parameter. The first measuring unit may be adapted to output a first signal associated with the first parameter. The first processor may be adapted to receive the first signal and to control the first measuring unit. The second processor may be disposed in operative communication with the first measuring unit and the first processor.

Abstract: An engine charge air-cooling system with water fumigation for an internal combustion engine includes a charge air cooler having a housing, a heat exchanger core, an air inlet and an air outlet. The charge air cooler inlet is connected to an outlet of a compressed air source, such as a turbocharger, through a cooler intake header. The charge air cooler outlet is connected through a cooler outlet header to cylinder intake ports of the engine. The cooler intake header is adapted to receive water in a passage below the cooler inlet. Hot, compressed charge air entering the charge air cooler through the intake header mixes with water vapor formed in the header, thereby humidifying the charge air that enters the cylinders from the charge air cooler. The high, energy absorbing capability of the water molecule reduces the peak combustion temperature, thereby reducing NOx production in the combustion reaction.

Abstract: A large-bore (at least 180 mm diameter) diesel engine cylinder configuration featuring a piston crown bowl having an acute re-entrant angle and, optionally, an anti-polish ring. The acute re-entrant angle crown bowl involves a maximum radius of the crown bowl exceeding a minimum crown bowl radius, wherein the maximum crown bowl radius is located farther from the squish face than is the minimum crown bowl radius. The acute re-entrant angle crown bowl applied to large-bore, medium-speed diesel engines yields an improvement in performance and emissions characteristics. The anti-polish ring may be integrally formed with the cylinder liner and used in any internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A diesel engine intake cam profile creates two intake valve events separated by a short dwell period each engine cycle. A relatively low valve lift during an engine exhaust event allows a portion of the exhaust gas to flow into an intake manifold and mix with intake air. The intake valve is then nearly closed for a dwell period until a normal intake valve opening occurs, drawing the mixture of air and exhaust gas back into the combustion chamber for compression and burning, upon closure of the intake valves.

Abstract: A diesel engine intake cam profile creates two intake valve events separated by a short dwell period each engine cycle. A relatively low valve lift during an engine exhaust event allows a portion of the exhaust gas to flow into an intake manifold and mix with intake air. The intake valve is then nearly closed for a dwell period until a normal intake valve opening occurs, drawing the mixture of air and exhaust gas back into the combustion chamber for compression and burning, upon closure of the intake valves.

Abstract: A configuration for treating wafers in at least one clean room includes a configuration of production units and measuring units that receive wafers via a transport system for transporting cassettes. Several functionally allocated production units and/or measuring units are combined to form a manufacturing cell which is provided with a loading and unloading station for receiving and forwarding cassettes with wafers. Individual wafers can be supplied to the production units and/or measuring units within the manufacturing cell in order to be treated.

Abstract: An installation for processing wafers in at least one clean room is described. The installation has a configuration of production units for carrying out individual production steps and measuring units for inspecting the production steps. The production units and the measuring units are connected via a transport system for feeding and removing the wafers. At least one measuring unit together with an unloading station for delivering wafers to the transport system forms a measuring station, in which case wafers processed so as to be free of defects can be delivered from the measuring station separately from the remaining wafers.

Abstract: A configuration for treating wafers in at least one clean room includes a configuration of production units and measuring units that receive wafers via a transport system for transporting cassettes. Several functionally allocated production units and/or measuring units are combined to form a manufacturing cell which is provided with a loading and unloading station for receiving and forwarding cassettes with wafers. Individual wafers can be supplied to the production units and/or measuring units within the manufacturing cell in order to be treated.

Abstract: An installation for processing wafers in at least one clean room is described. The installation has a configuration of production units for carrying out individual production steps and measuring units for inspecting the production steps. The production units and the measuring units are connected via a transport system for feeding and removing the wafers. At least one measuring unit together with an unloading station for delivering wafers to the transport system forms a measuring station, in which case wafers processed so as to be free of defects can be delivered from the measuring station separately from the remaining wafers.

Abstract: A portable battery power source includes a frame with a pair of upwardly angled support members, a battery supporting tray for holding a source battery, a pair of suspension members extending upwardly from the tray for connecting the tray to the pair of support members attached to a wheel-mounted frame. Panels form the frame and also a housing for protecting the source battery from the elements. The power source housing also has a cable compartment for holding a set of cables for connecting the source battery to an electrical load and space for a charging circuit used for recharging the source battery when it is not in use and a control panel at which the device's functions are controlled.