Abstract: A method and system provide the ability to generate models. A generative shelled base is created as a hollow computer-aided design (CAD) design. A t-spline mid-surface shell is created from the generative shelled base, which is then used to create a shell mesh model. A t-spline solid body is created from the generative shelled base, which is used to create an internal support structure that is converted into a shell CAD geometry, which is used to create a support structure mid-surface shell. The support structure mid-surface shell is combined with the shell mesh model into a generative mid-surface mesh that is used in a computer-aided engineering (CAE) crash simulation. The generated shelled base is combined with the shell CAD geometry into a generative shelled solid that is utilized in an additive build simulation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for designing and manufacturing physical objects including lattice structures include, in one aspect, a method including: obtaining a skeleton model of a lattice structure, constructing a control point frame surface model using the skeleton model, generating a shell mesh model of the lattice structure using the control point frame surface model, performing numerical simulation of a physical object using the shell mesh model included within a 3D model of the physical object to produce an assessment, modifying the skeleton model or the control point frame surface model based on the assessment to change the lattice structure until it satisfies at least one response requirement, producing from the control point frame surface model a solid body model of the lattice structure hollow beams, and providing at least the solid body model for use in manufacturing a hollow lattice structure.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for computer aided design of physical structures using an object splitting design process that optimize manufacturing efficiency are described. A described technique includes splitting, by a computer program, a three dimensional model of an initial object into an up skin region and a down skin region based on an analysis of draft angles along at least one surface of the three dimensional model of the initial object. The technique further includes producing, by the computer program, first and second three dimensional models of respective first and second objects in accordance with the up skin region and the down skin region to create separate first and second physical structures using one or more computer-controlled manufacturing systems such that the first and second physical structures are combinable to form a combined physical structure.

Abstract: A method for authenticating an object, particularly a security element for protecting value documents, ID documents and products, as well as a security element, a security document, a reader, an individualization device and a server for such a method. The method involves the steps: dividing a first code element into at least one first partial code element and one second partial code element, storing the second partial code element, arranging the first partial code element and/or a second code element on and/or in the object, jointly machine-capturing the first partial code element and the second code element by means of a reader, extracting the first partial code element and the second code element from the data captured by the reader, accessing the stored second partial code element using the second code element as a key, checking whether the code element resulting from merging the extracted first partial code element and the stored second partial code element corresponds to the first code element.

Abstract: A method and system provide the ability to generate models. A generative shelled base is created as a hollow computer-aided design (CAD) design. A t-spline mid-surface shell is created from the generative shelled base, which is then used to create a shell mesh model. A t-spline solid body is created from the generative shelled base, which is used to create an internal support structure that is converted into a shell CAD geometry, which is used to create a support structure mid-surface shell. The support structure mid-surface shell is combined with the shell mesh model into a generative mid-surface mesh that is used in a computer-aided engineering (CAE) crash simulation. The generated shelled base is combined with the shell CAD geometry into a generative shelled solid that is utilized in an additive build simulation.

Abstract: A method and system provide the ability to generate models. A generative shelled base is created as a hollow computer-aided design (CAD) design. A t-spline mid-surface shell is created from the generative shelled base, which is then used to create a shell mesh model. A t-spline solid body is created from the generative shelled base, which is used to create an internal support structure that is converted into a shell CAD geometry, which is used to create a support structure mid-surface shell. The support structure mid-surface shell is combined with the shell mesh model into a generative mid-surface mesh that is used in a computer-aided engineering (CAE) crash simulation. The generated shelled base is combined with the shell CAD geometry into a generative shelled solid that is utilized in an additive build simulation.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for computer aided design of physical structures using an object splitting design process that optimize manufacturing efficiency are described. A described techniques includes obtaining an input model of an initial object to be manufactured, the input model providing a 3D topology and shape for the object; determining, based on the 3D topology and shape, a 3D parting surface to split the initial object into separate objects, the parting surface intersects an inflection zone that is situated between up and down skin regions of the 3D topology and shape; and providing first and second 3D models of the separate objects in accordance with the 3D topology and shape and the parting surface, for use in manufacturing separate physical structures corresponding to the separate objects using one or more computer-controlled manufacturing systems, where after respective manufacturing, the physical structures are configured to be assembled to form a combined structure.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for computer aided design of physical structures using an object splitting design process that optimize manufacturing efficiency are described. A described techniques includes obtaining an input model of an initial object to be manufactured, the input model providing a 3D topology and shape for the object; determining, based on the 3D topology and shape, a 3D parting surface to split the initial object into separate objects, the parting surface intersects an inflection zone that is situated between up and down skin regions of the 3D topology and shape; and providing first and second 3D models of the separate objects in accordance with the 3D topology and shape and the parting surface, for use in manufacturing separate physical structures corresponding to the separate objects using one or more computer-controlled manufacturing systems, where after respective manufacturing, the physical structures are configured to be assembled to form a combined structure.

Abstract: Techniques and systems for computer aided design of physical structures using an object splitting design process that optimize manufacturing efficiency are described. A described techniques includes obtaining an input model of an initial object to be manufactured, the input model providing a 3D topology and shape for the object; determining, based on the 3D topology and shape, a 3D parting surface to split the initial object into separate objects, the parting surface intersects an inflection zone that is situated between up and down skin regions of the 3D topology and shape; and providing first and second 3D models of the separate objects in accordance with the 3D topology and shape and the parting surface, for use in manufacturing separate physical structures corresponding to the separate objects using one or more computer-controlled manufacturing systems, where after respective manufacturing, the physical structures are configured to be assembled to form a combined structure.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including medium-encoded computer program products, for designing and manufacturing physical objects including lattice structures include, in one aspect, a method including: obtaining a skeleton model of a lattice structure, constructing a control point frame surface model using the skeleton model, generating a shell mesh model of the lattice structure using the control point frame surface model, performing numerical simulation of a physical object using the shell mesh model included within a 3D model of the physical object to produce an assessment, modifying the skeleton model or the control point frame surface model based on the assessment to change the lattice structure until it satisfies at least one response requirement, producing from the control point frame surface model a solid body model of the lattice structure hollow beams, and providing at least the solid body model for use in manufacturing a hollow lattice structure.

Abstract: A method and system provide the ability to generate models. A generative shelled base is created as a hollow computer-aided design (CAD) design. A t-spline mid-surface shell is created from the generative shelled base, which is then used to create a shell mesh model. A t-spline solid body is created from the generative shelled base, which is used to create an internal support structure that is converted into a shell CAD geometry, which is used to create a support structure mid-surface shell. The support structure mid-surface shell is combined with the shell mesh model into a generative mid-surface mesh that is used in a computer-aided engineering (CAE) crash simulation. The generated shelled base is combined with the shell CAD geometry into a generative shelled solid that is utilized in an additive build simulation.

Abstract: A method for verifying a security document by means of a reading device wherein first transmission and/or reflection properties of a first region of the security document are detected in a first spectral range by the reading device and a first data set specifying these properties is generated therefrom, wherein the first region at least in some regions overlaps an optical security element arranged on the security document or embedded in the security document and wherein second transmission and/or reflection properties of the first region of the security document are detected in a second spectral range by the reading device and a second data set specifying these properties is generated therefrom, wherein the first spectral range differs from the second spectral range, and wherein, the authenticity of the security document and/or of the security element is checked on the basis of at least the first data set and the second data set.

Abstract: A method for authenticating an object, particularly a security element for protecting value documents, ID documents and products, as well as a security element, a security document, a reader, an individualization device and a server for such a method. The method involves the steps: dividing a first code element into at least one first partial code element and one second partial code element, storing the second partial code element, arranging the first partial code element and/or a second code element on and/or in the object, jointly machine-capturing the first partial code element and the second code element by means of a reader, extracting the first partial code element and the second code element from the data captured by the reader, accessing the stored second partial code element using the second code element as a key, checking whether the code element resulting from merging the extracted first partial code element and the stored second partial code element corresponds to the first code element.

Abstract: A method for verifying a security document by means of a reading device wherein first transmission and/or reflection properties of a first region of the security document are detected in a first spectral range by the reading device and a first data set specifying these properties is generated therefrom, wherein the first region at least in some regions overlaps an optical security element arranged on the security document or embedded in the security document and wherein second transmission and/or reflection properties of the first region of the security document are detected in a second spectral range by the reading device and a second data set specifying these properties is generated therefrom, wherein the first spectral range differs from the second spectral range, and wherein, the authenticity of the security document and/or of the security element is checked on the basis of at least the first data set and the second data set.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a process utilizing a compaction device that allows for preparing turf lawn clippings for ensiling. The lawn clippings are compacted using the compaction device at or near their source prior to the lawn clippings souring allowing preservation of the clippings. The lawn clippings are compacted to reduce an initial moisture content to a second lower moisture content suitable for ensiling.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing removable surface protection by the application of a curable, liquid coating composition (liquid film), in which the surface is treated using water, or an aqueous solution of surface-active agents, and the coating composition is subsequently applied. Preferably, the surface is the topcoat of a motor vehicle. The invention further relates to the use of water or aqueous solutions of surface-active agents in such a method. Finally, the invention also relates to a removable surface protection coating of this nature. According to the invention, the flow of the coating composition into a uniform film is improved.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing removable surface protection by the application of a curable, liquid coating composition (liquid film), in which the surface is treated using water, or an aqueous solution of surface-active agents, and the coating composition is subsequently applied. Preferably, the surface is the topcoat of a motor vehicle. The invention further relates to the use of water or aqueous solutions of surface-active agents in such a method. Finally, the invention also relates to a removable surface protection coating of this nature. According to the invention, the flow of the coating composition into a uniform film is improved.

Abstract: A process for the control and/or guidance of welds in electric arc welding wherein a metal or a metal alloy is applied to the edge or surface to be welded of at least one workpiece, with the metal or at least one of the principal alloying metals not being present in the workpiece or at least in slight proportions only, so that a characteristic spectral line emitted by at least one of the metals applied is observed spectroanalytically in the arc and that the weld is controlled and/or the arc guided by means of the spectral data determined.