Abstract: A vibration damper with amplitude-dependent damping, with a cylindrical compensation space attached fluidically, in parallel to the vibration damper and is split by way of a displaceable separating piston, the vibration damper comprising a working piston, the working piston being received displaceably in a damper tube, the working piston dividing the damper tube into a first damping space and a second damping space, the separating piston being received axially displaceably in the compensation space, the separating piston dividing the compensation space into a first part space and a second part space, the first part space being connected fluidically to the first damping space, the second part space being connected fluidically to the damping space, the vibration damper being equipped with a throttle device for influencing the fluid flow between the first part space and the first damping space and/or between the second part space and the second damping space.

Abstract: Methods for nanopore-based protein analysis are provided. The methods address the characterization of a target protein analyte, which has a dimension greater than an internal diameter of the nanopore tunnel, and which is also physically associated with a polymer. The methods further comprise applying an electrical potential to the nanopore system to cause the polymer to interact with the nanopore tunnel. The ion current through the nanopore is measured to provide a current pattern reflective of the structure of the portion of the polymer interacting with the nanopore tunnel. This is used as a metric for characterizing the associated protein that does not pass through the nanopore.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrostatic spray drying process for encapsulating a core material, such as a volatile flavor oil, within a carrier or wall material. The process is achieved by atomizing a liquid emulsion comprising the core material and the wall material, applying an electrostatic charge at the site of atomization, and drying the atomized emulsion into an encapsulated, free-flowing powder. Applying an electrostatic charge at the site of atomization allows the spray drying to be accomplished at significantly reduced temperatures, in particular, inlet temperatures in the range of 25° C. to 110° C., and outlet temperatures in the range of 25° C. to 80° C. The low drying temperatures impart improvements in the resulting encapsulated powdered product, including better retention of volatile flavor components, a flavor profile comparable to that of the starting liquid formulation, and better hydration and dissolution in water-based applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrostatic spray drying process for encapsulating a core material, such as a volatile flavor oil, within a carrier or wall material. The process is achieved by atomizing a liquid emulsion comprising the core material and the wall material, applying an electrostatic charge at the site of atomization, and drying the atomized emulsion into an encapsulated, free-flowing powder. Applying an electrostatic charge at the site of atomization allows the spray drying to be accomplished at significantly reduced temperatures, in particular, inlet temperatures in the range of 25° C. to 110° C., and outlet temperatures in the range of 25° C. to 80° C. The low drying temperatures impart improvements in the resulting encapsulated powdered product, including better retention of volatile flavor components, a flavor profile comparable to that of the starting liquid formulation, and better hydration and dissolution in water-based applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrostatic spray drying process for encapsulating a core material, such as a volatile flavor oil, within a carrier or wall material. The process is achieved by atomizing a liquid emulsion comprising the core material and the wall material, applying an electrostatic charge at the site of atomization, and drying the atomized emulsion into an encapsulated, free-flowing powder. Applying an electrostatic charge at the site of atomization allows the spray drying to be accomplished at significantly reduced temperatures, in particular, inlet temperatures in the range of 25° C. to 110° C., and outlet temperatures in the range of 25° C. to 80° C. The low drying temperatures impart improvements in the resulting encapsulated powdered product, including better retention of volatile flavor components, a flavor profile comparable to that of the starting liquid formulation, and better hydration and dissolution in water-based applications.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrostatic spray drying process for encapsulating a core material, such as a volatile flavor oil, within a carrier or wall material. The process is achieved by atomizing a liquid emulsion comprising the core material and the wall material, applying an electrostatic charge at the site of atomization, and drying the atomized emulsion into an encapsulated, free-flowing powder. Applying an electrostatic charge at the site of atomization allows the spray drying to be accomplished at significantly reduced temperatures, in particular, inlet temperatures in the range of 25° C. to 110° C., and outlet temperatures in the range of 25° C. to 80° C. The low drying temperatures impart improvements in the resulting encapsulated powdered product, including better retention of volatile flavor components, a flavor profile comparable to that of the starting liquid formulation, and better hydration and dissolution in water-based applications.

Abstract: In a method, a call number of a subscriber that is to be monitored is flagged by an indication of subscribers that are authorized to monitor. A conference circuit between the subscriber which is to be monitored, a calling or called second communications subscriber and a third subscriber which is authorized to monitor is set up in a demand-controlled fashion if a communications link has been set up. If no communication takes place, only event data are transferred.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for adjusting an adaptive characteristics map of an adaptive engine-knock control system and a method for adaptively controlling engine knock, the adaptive characteristics map being defined by at least one operating parameter, the adaptive characteristics map for each operating-parameter range being made up of a precontrol component that characterizes the ambient conditions, and a residual component that results from the engine-knock control, the value of the adaptive characteristics map for each operating-parameter range being given by the sum of the precontrol component corresponding to the specific operating-parameter range, and the residual component corresponding to the specific operating-parameter range.

Abstract: Proposed is a method for adjusting an adaptive characteristics map of an adaptive engine-knock control system and a method for adaptively controlling engine knock, the adaptive characteristics map (20) being defined by at least one operating parameter (22, 24), the adaptive characteristics map (20) for each operating-parameter range (26) being made up of a precontrol component (bi) that characterizes the ambient conditions, and a residual component (ai) that results from the engine-knock control, the value of the adaptive characteristics map for each operating-parameter range being given by the sum of the precontrol component (bi) corresponding to the specific operating-parameter range, and the residual component (ai) corresponding to the specific operating-parameter range.

Abstract: The method allows securing control requests, particularly in intelligent networks. In the event of an incomplete transmission of data for a controlled terminal between a service distribution node and a service control node, a completion procedure is executed particularly for call numbers/network addresses which have been input into the controlled terminal.

Abstract: The call number of a subscriber to be monitored is flagged in the service control point SCP with an indicator of one or more subscribers that are authorized to eavesdrop. When a communications link is set up, an identifier for the monitoring measure is transmitted to the exchange SSP, and a conference loop between the subscriber to be monitored, a calling or called second communications subscriber, and a third subscriber which is authorized to monitor is set up as soon as the identifier is known at the SSP.

Abstract: In order to satisfy the legal requirements which are made of the monitoring of telecommunications traffic, means for storing monitoring data (subscribers to be monitored, monitoring users, etc.) and for transmitting messages and indications to the users (police, information services, etc.) are provided in store-and-forward systems. The transmission of these messages and indications is also triggered, inter alia, by access operations to messages to be monitored or by access operations to messages which are addressed to subscribers that are to be monitored.

Abstract: A system and method in which a cell phone includes a mobile phone interface, a local interface and a memory card. Use data which indicate the planned use of a means of transportation by the user of the cell phone is transmitted via the local interface. In addition, an electronic payment method is executed using the cell phone.

Abstract: A configuration for charging in a telephone network, wherein a first subscriber pays for at least a part of the charges for connections established to him by a second subscriber. An intelligent network is linked to the telephone network and a service control point or a service node of the intelligent network exhibits control means for allocating charges to the first subscriber for connections established by the second subscriber to the first subscriber.

Abstract: In order to control the statutory monitoring of telecommunication traffic, provision is made in a network component essential for this monitoring of a data base in which it is stored for subscribers to be monitored which communication-relevant data are to be transmitted to one or more relevant monitoring authorities. Monitoring profiles are also defined for the purpose of simplification.

Abstract: With a sensor and method, it is possible for platinum resistor elements to be used advantageously as heating elements, temperature sensors, printed circuit traces, or as chemically resistant electron beam sensitive layers. To ensure a long-lasting adhesion of the platinum resistance layer to a dielectric substrate, even during exposure to temperatures which are elevated over ambient temperature and under dry and most atmospheric conditions, a thin adhesion layer of platinum silicide, for example, is deposited between the platinum resistance layer and the dielectric substrate. Resistor elements patterned from the platinum layer can advantageously be used in temperature sensors, mass flow sensors, chemical sensors, gas sensors, or humidity sensors.

Abstract: For making use of interactive services, it is essential that the individual needs of the users be satisfied while taking the security aspect into consideration. The method resolves this in that a connection setup to the user is only handled when an authorization of the appertaining user can be verified based on the comparison of two numerical values.

Abstract: A digital control unit, in particular an ignition and/or injection control unit for motor vehicles, is provided. The control unit has a microcomputer (10) and a permanently connected main storage (12) containing control data and operating programs. This main storage unit (12) is designed as a read/write memory (RAM, EEPROM or the like). A control program that runs when the control unit is switched on is provided in an auxiliary storage (13) designed as a permanent storage (ROM, EPROM or the like). Based on a load instruction, the control program controls the loading of the main storage (12) from an external storage medium via an interface (21). The control program also automatically transfers the operating program access of the microcomputer (10) to the main storage (12). In this manner, software modifications can easily be subsequently implemented in the control unit when, for example, improvements or variations in program data or characteristic data are available and desired.